Table 4.
Adjusted incidence rate ratios for the association of coeliac disease with socioeconomic status, stratified by sex, age, calendar period and country (N=2 063 421)
| Quintile of deprivation | 1=least deprived* | 2* | 3* | 4* | 5=most deprived | p Value for trend** | Missing* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex‡ | |||||||
| Male | 1.76 (1.26 to 2.46) | 1.78 (1.26 to 2.50) | 1.45 (1.02 to 2.06) | 1.15 (0.79 to 1.66) | 1 | <0.001 | 1.26 (0.78 to 2.03) |
| Female | 1.79 (1.35 to 2.37) | 1.89 (1.42 to 2.52) | 1.30 (0.96 to 1.77) | 1.44 (1.06 to 1.94) | 1 | <0.001 | 1.51 (1.03 to 2.20) |
| Age (years)§ | |||||||
| 0–2 | 1.57 (0.99 to 2.48) | 1.92 (1.21 to 3.04) | 1.48 (0.92 to 2.38) | 1.08 (0.65 to 1.79) | 1 | 0.004 | 1.38 (0.76 to 2.51) |
| 3–9 | 1.70 (1.22 to 2.36) | 1.86 (1.33 to 2.59) | 1.17 (0.82 to 1.67) | 1.41 (0.99 to 2.01) | 1 | <0.001 | 1.43 (0.91 to 2.23) |
| 10–18 | 1.97 (1.37 to 2.83) | 1.74 (1.19 to 2.53) | 1.52 (1.03 to 2.23) | 1.35 (0.90 to 2.00) | 1 | <0.001 | 1.39 (0.82 to 2.37) |
| Calendar period† | |||||||
| 1993–1997 | 1.47 (0.49 to 4.63) | 1.00 (0.28 to 3.56) | 1.98 (0.63 to 6.15) | 1.58 (0.49 to 5.14) | 1 | 0.95 | 3.14 (0.94 to 10.50) |
| 1998–2002 | 2.22 (1.31 to 3.79) | 1.87 (1.10 to 3.25) | 1.59 (0.90 to 2.81) | 1.55 (0.87 to 2.76) | 1 | 0.001 | 1.54 (0.73 to 3.24) |
| 2003–2007 | 1.63 (1.11 to 2.38) | 1.92 (1.31 to 2.81) | 1.48 (1.00 to 2.20) | 1.21 (0.81 to 1.83) | 1 | <0.001 | 1.11 (0.63 to 1.97) |
| 2008–2012 | 1.71 (1.25 to 2.34) | 1.81 (1.31 to 2.48) | 1.15 (0.81 to 1.61) | 1.28 (0.92 to 1.80) | 1 | <0.001 | 1.39 (0.91 to 2.13) |
| Country¶ | |||||||
| England | 1.79 (1.04 to 2.30) | 1.86 (1.44 to 2.39) | 1.39 (1.07 to 1.82) | 1.37 (1.04 to 1.79) | 1 | <0.001 | 1.47 (1.05 to 2.06) |
| Scotland | 1.66 (0.89 to 3.10) | 2.23 (1.29 to 3.86) | 1.26 (0.68 to 2.34) | 1.11 (0.59 to 2.08) | 1 | 0.004 | 1.21 (0.54 to 2.71) |
| Wales | 2.02 (0.81 to 5.07) | 1.43 (0.55 to 3.73) | 1.26 (0.48 to 3.34) | 1.58 (0.62 to 4.05) | 1 | 0.188 | 0.95 (0.11 to 7.91) |
| Northern Ireland | 1.45 (0.53 to 4.00) | 0.85 (0.26 to 2.80) | 1.20 (0.41 to 3.46) | 0.44 (0.08 to 2.20) | 1 | 0.340 | 1.21 (0.36 to 4.06) |
Interaction tests: sex and socioeconomic status, LRT p value=0.67; age group and socioeconomic status, LRT p value 0.78; calendar years and socioeconomic status, LRT p value=0.42; countries and socioeconomic status, LRT p value=0.87.
*Incidence rate ratio compared with most deprived (5th quintile).
Adjusted for: ‡Age and calendar period and country;
§Sex and calendar period and country;
†Sex and age and country;
¶Sex and calendar period and age.
**Excluding missing data.
LRT, likelihood ratio test.