Table 3.

Multivariate Cox Regression of Rehospitalization for Complicated Recurrent Peptic Ulcers with Time Lags of More than 1 Year and 2 Years in the Overall Study Group

Variable	HR	95% CI	p-value	HR	95% CI	p-value
Time to H. pylori eradication*
>1 yr vs ≤1 yr	1.20	0.87–1.66	0.275	-	-	-
>2 yr vs ≤2 yr	-	-	-	1.10	0.75–1.62	0.621
Age
20–49 vs ≥70	0.23	0.15–0.36	<0.001	0.23	0.15–0.36	<0.001
50–69 vs ≥70	0.44	0.32–0.61	<0.001	0.45	0.32–0.62	<0.001
Sex
Male vs female	1.29	0.94–1.78	0.121	1.31	0.95–1.80	0.103
Gastroduodenal ulcer history	1.47	0.93–2.32	0.100	1.47	0.93–2.33	0.097
Ulcer position
Gastric ulcer vs duodenal ulcer	1.47	1.09–1.99	0.012	1.49	1.10–2.02	0.010
Peptic ulcer† vs duodenal ulcer	0.85	0.29–2.49	0.766	0.86	0.29–2.53	0.776
Comorbidities
DM	1.06	0.71–1.57	0.795	1.05	0.70–1.56	0.824
CHF	0.74	0.29–1.88	0.520	0.73	0.29–1.87	0.516
CAD	1.07	0.73–1.57	0.741	1.08	0.74–1.58	0.699
COPD	0.84	0.56–1.24	0.369	0.83	0.56–1.23	0.344
Medication
PPIs or H2-blockers	2.38	1.71–3.31	<0.001	2.41	1.73–3.35	<0.001
Aspirin	0.49	0.26–0.92	0.027	0.49	0.26–0.92	0.027
NSAIDs	4.22	3.15–5.66	<0.001	4.27	3.19–5.71	<0.001
COX-2 specific inhibitors	2.67	1.73–4.12	<0.001	2.74	1.78–4.21	<0.001
Steroid	0.72	0.40–1.32	0.290	0.71	0.39–1.30	0.267
Clopidogrel	0.83	0.30–2.29	0.712	0.82	0.29–2.27	0.698
Ticlopidine	0.36	0.05–2.65	0.315	0.36	0.05–2.64	0.313
Warfarin	3.82	0.84–17.30	0.083	3.82	0.83–17.51	0.085

HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; DM, diabetes mellitus; CHF, congestive heart failure; CAD, cardiovascular disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PPIs, proton pump inhibitors; H₂-blockers, histamine receptor-2 blockers; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2.

^*Time of peptic ulcer diagnosis to the Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy;

^†Peptic ulcer includes gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer.