Table 1.
Adults with hypertension grouped by uninsured versus insured status in 3 NHANES time periods.
| NHANES | 1988 – 1994 | 1999 – 2004 | 2005 – 2010 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Variable | Uninsured | Insured | Uninsured | Insured | Uninsured | Insured |
| Sample, N | 408 | 1962 | 463 | 1828 | 692 | 2277 |
| Pop., N | 2,821,809 | 20,171,596 | 5,145,276 | 28,743,951 | 6,697,422 | 31,785,809 |
| Group % | 12.39.7-14.8 | 87.785.2-90.3 | 15.213.1-17.3 | 84.882.7-86.9 | †17.4 15.4-19.4 | †82.6 80.6-84.6 |
| Age, years | 44.4‡ 42.7-46.1 | 48.948.2-49.6 | †45.1‡43.9-46.3 | 49.648.9-50.3 | †48.0‡ 46.7-49.2 | †50.6 49.9-51.2 |
| Sex Male, % | 47.8* 41.1-54.6 | 55.352.1-58.5 | 56.251.3-61.1 | 51.849.0-54.6 | 56.251.7-60.8 | 52.149.6-54.6 |
| Race | ‡ | ‡ | ‡ | |||
| White, % | 54.842.6-67.0 | 75.172.3-78.0 | 51.939.8-63.9 | 71.667.6-75.5 | 51.744.1-59.3 | 71.566.9-76.2 |
| Black, % | 21.115.9-26.3 | 17.115.0-19.2 | 20.113.6-26.6 | 15.312.0-18.6 | 22.016.7-27.4 | 16.212.8-19.6 |
| Hispanic, % | *10.6 7.7-13.5 | ‡3.3 2.6-3.9 | 21.213.4-29.0 | 8.25.7-10.7 | *21.4 15.0-27.9 | ‡6.7 5.0-8.4 |
| Other, % | 13.5 4.6-22.4 | 4.53.0-6.0 | 6.8 2.6-11.1 | 4.93.3-6.5 | 4.8 2.2-7.4 | 5.54.0-7.0 |
| HC visits/yr | ‡ | ‡ | ‡ | |||
| 0-1 | 52.545.5-59.5 | ‡33.1 30.1-36.1 | 47.140.9-53.2 | 22.920.5-25.2 | 45.640.4-50.9 | ‡20.3 17.9-22.7 |
| ≥2 | 47.540.5-54.5 | ‡66.9 63.9-69.9 | 52.946.8-59.1 | 77.174.8-79.5 | 54.449.1-59.6 | ‡79.7 77.3-82.1 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 30.729.1-32.2 | 30.329.7-30.9 | 31.030.0-31.9 | *31.1 30.6-31.6 | 31.0* 30.2-31.7 | ‡32.0 31.6-32.4 |
| ≥30 | 44.736.4-52.9 | 44.740.3-49.0 | 44.338.5-50.1 | 51.048.2-53.9 | 48.844.3-53.3 | ‡55.2 52.4-58.0 |
| SBP, mmHg | 138.9135.9-141.9 | 138.1136.8-139.5 | 142.0‡139.4-144.6 | ‡136.2135.1-137.2 | 140.3‡138.1-142.4 | ‡132.0131.2-132.8 |
| DBP, mmHg | 85.083.0-86.9 | ‡84.8 83.9-85.7 | 83.6*81.7-85.5 | ‡81.280.4-82.0 | *81.9‡80.5-83.3 | ‡77.476.5-78.3 |
| Statin, % | 6.81.8-11.8 | ‡2.41.5-3.3 | 8.0†3.2-12.8 | ‡17.815.2-20.3 | *12.8‡10.4-15.3 | ‡27.9 25.7-30.1 |
| Diabetes, %, | 14.1 7.7-20.5 | 9.8 8.4-11.3 | 13.4 9.6-17.1 | ‡12.0 10.5-13.5 | 15.7 12.0-19.4 | ‡17.0 15.1-19.0 |
| CVD, % | 13.6 9.7-17.6 | 11.7 9.6-13.8 | 12.9 8.1-17.7 | 13.0 10.7-15.4 | 12.5 9.0-15.9 | 13.9 12.0-15.8 |
| CKD, % | 5.4 1.6-9.2 | 5.6 4.1-7.1 | 7.9 4.6-11.3 | 6.2 5.2-7.2 | 8.7 5.9-11.6 | 7.3 5.6-9.0 |
| Smoking, % | 36.4‡ 29.2-43.6 | 23.9 21.1-26.6 | 35.5‡ 30.0-41.0 | 21.4 19.0-23.7 | 38.4‡ 31.4-45.3 | 20.5 18.2-22.7 |
| Poverty index | 1.6‡ 1.3-1.8 | 3.2 3.0-3.3 | 1.8‡ 1.7-2.0 | 3.4 3.3-3.5 | 1.9‡ 1.7-2.1 | **3.4 3.3-3.6 |
| Poverty index | ‡ | ‡ | ‡ | |||
| Below 100% | †41.8 31.2-52.4 | 9.7 7.4-12.1 | 25.8 21.3-30.4 | 9.9 8.2-11.7 | *27.6 22.9-32.3 | 9.1 7.7-10.5 |
| 100%-<200% | 33.6 23.9-43.3 | 14.8 12.7-16.9 | 42.7 36.3-49.0 | 14.6 12.0-17.3 | 36.8 31.7-42.0 | 14.5 12.2-16.9 |
| 200% or more | 24.6 16.2-33.0 | 75.5 72.0-79.0 | 31.5 25.4-37.7 | 75.5 72.4-78.5 | 35.6 28.7-42.5 | 76.4 73.5-79.3 |
| Education | ‡ | ‡ | ‡ | |||
| ≥Some college,% | 24.0 16.4-31.5 | ‡37.7 34.2-41.2 | 34.6 28.7-40.5 | *53.4 50.1-56.8 | 32.4 27.1-37.7 | ‡59.6 56.0-63.2 |
| High School, % | 35.2 26.3-44.2 | ‡38.7 35.1-42.3 | 27.7 20.9-34.6 | 27.5 25.0-30.1 | 32.8 28.5-37.1 | ‡24.6 21.6-27.7 |
| <High School, % | 40.8 31.3-50.3 | *23.6 20.5-26.7 | 37.6 30.8-44.5 | 19.1 17.5-20.6 | 34.8 30.0-39.6 | ‡15.7 13.3-18.2 |
Data = mean, 95% confidence intervals. Data in italics indicate relative standard errors >30% which exceed NHANES reporting guideline limits and are provided for information only; N=number; HC = healthcare; S = systolic; D = diastolic; BP = blood pressure. CVD=cardiovascular disease; CKD=chronic kidney disease.
p<0.05,
p<0.01,
p<0.001.
Poverty index reflects family income divided by the federal poverty level (100%), i.e., higher values reflect greater income. Symbols to the right of the number represent comparisons between groups within NHANES time period. Symbols to the left represent comparisons within group between NHANES time periods. Symbols in column 1 compare to column 2, column 2 with column 3 and column 3 with column 1. Symbols above the number indicate differences in distribution of values within time period for race and healthcare visits/year, poverty index and education.