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. 2015 Apr 1;4(5):503–512. doi: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0244

Figure 6.

Figure 6.

Representative images of immunohistochemical analysis using antibodies against OC, Col 1, and vWF. Red arrowheads indicate host bone-new bone/scaffold interface; green arrowheads indicate vasculature. Early osteogenic marker Col 1 was found in newly formed bone of all segments of the allogenic BMSC group and newly formed bone proximally and distally and in fibrous tissue in the defect middle for the scaffold-only group. Late osteogenic marker OC was found in tissue-engineered bone in all segments in the allogenic BMSC group but only at the proximal and distal host bone-scaffold interfaces in the scaffold-only group. Profound neovascularization of the new bone tissue in all segments was present in the allogenic BMSC group (green arrowheads indicate blood vessels stained positively for vWF in new bone). Scaffold-only group showed new blood vessels in the proximal and distal interface areas. Scale bars = 100 µm. Abbreviations: Allog., allogenic; BMSC, bone marrow stromal cell; Col 1, collagen 1; Dist., distal; Mid., middle; mPCL-HA, medical grade polycaprolactone-hydroxyapatite; OC, osteocalcin; Prox., proximal; Sc, scaffold struts; vWF, von Willebrand factor.