Table 2.

Concomitant medications by class: Medications administered to dogs during the course of the study and the number of dogs receiving at least one drug in each class. Because of their special interest, non-NSAID pain medications are listed by drug. Unless otherwise noted, medications were administered per os. The list of drugs was compiled from client surveys at initial enrollment and during the course of the study (n=41).

Drug class	Specific Agents Given	Number of dogs
Antihistamines	Diphenhydramine, hydroxazine	4
Behavioral medications	Fluoxetine,* acepromazine	3
Flea prophylaxis	Fipronil, Imidacloprid	12
GIT medications	Probiotic	1
Heartworm prophylaxis	Ivermectin, selamectin, milbemycin	14
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAID)	Carprofen, deracoxib, tepoxalin, firocoxib, or meloxicam	41
Nutraceuticals	Glucosamine/chondroitin, fish oil	26
Other pain medications (non-NSAID)	Tramadol	38
	Gabapentin	2
	Amantadine	1
Steroids	Prednisone	1
Systemic antibiotics	Cephalexin, cefpodoxime, amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, clindamycin, rifampin, marbofloxacin, metronidazole	20
Topical Treatments	Triple antibiotic ointment, chlorhexadine, chlorhexadine/ketoconazole	8

^*The dog receiving fluoxetine was withdrawn from the study due to exclusion criteria violation