Table 3.

Indepenent associations of muscle density and subcutaneous adipose tissue with bone parameters at metaphyseal and diaphyseal regions of the femur and tibia in young girls

Dependent variables	Muscle density (mg/cm3)		SAT (mm2)		Adjusted R2 value
	β	p	β	p
4% Femur
Trabecular vBMD (mg/cm3)	0.11	0.020	0.06	0.280	0.15
Trabecular area (mm2)	−0.06	0.080	−0.04	0.298	0.57
Bone strength index (mg2/mm4)	0.13	<0.001	0.05	0.237	0.49
20% Femur
Cortical vBMD (mg/cm3)	0.17	<0.001	0.04	0.505	0.05
Cortical area (mm2)	0.06	0.030	0.04	0.231	0.72
Endosteal circumference (mm)	−0.03	0.495	0.03	0.407	0.44
Periosteal circumference (mm)	0.01	0.906	0.04	0.230	0.65
Cortical thickness (mm)	0.08	0.079	0.01	0.771	0.20
Strength-strain index (mm3)	0.06	0.009	0.04	0.152	0.78
4% Tibia
Trabecular vBMD (mg/cm3)	0.26	<0.001	0.07	0.124	0.18
Trabecular area (mm2)	−0.06	0.049	−0.06	0.112	0.59
Bone strength index (mg2/mm4)	0.19	<0.001	0.09	0.029	0.50
66% Tibia
Cortical vBMD (mg/cm3)	0.08	0.090	−0.01	0.804	0.14
Cortical area (mm2)	0.08	0.003	0.04	0.239	0.73
Endosteal circumference (mm)	−0.02	0.655	0.03	0.535	0.26
Periosteal circumference (mm)	0.05	0.083	0.06	0.059	0.69
Cortical thickness (mm)	0.10	0.006	0.06	0.151	0.51
Strength-strain index (mm3)	0.09	0.002	0.03	0.396	0.71

Standardized β coefficient and p values are presented for muscle density (mg/cm³) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT, mm²). Adjusted R² values are presented for each full regression model.

Model covariates = muscle density, subcutaneous adipose tissue, muscle cross-sectional area, bone length, maturity, and ethnicity.