Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants by Categories of 24-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure
| Characteristic | Normotension | Isolated Diastolic Hypertension | Mixed Hypertension | Isolated Systolic Hypertension |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of subjects | 5969 | 408 | 1071 | 893 |
| European, (%) | 3908 (65.5)‡ | 221 (54.2) | 720 (67.2)‡ | 640 (71.7)‡ |
| Asian, (%) | 983 (16.5) | 55 (13.5) | 140 (13.1) | 102 (11.4) |
| South American, (%) | 1078 (18.1)‡ | 132 (32.4) | 211 (19.7)‡ | 151 (16.9)‡ |
| Women, (%) | 3141 (52.6)‡ | 149 (36.5) | 315 (29.4)† | 283 (31.7) |
| Smokers, (%) | 1741 (29.2) | 132 (32.4) | 348 (32.5) | 253 (28.3) |
| Drinking alcohol, (%) | 2684 (45.0)‡ | 222 (54.4) | 652 (60.9)† | 503 (56.3) |
| Diabetes mellitus, (%) | 266 (4.5) | 23 (5.6) | 89 (8.3) | 92 (10.3)† |
| Cardiovascular disorders, (%) | 243 (4.1) | 23 (5.6) | 59 (5.5) | 67 (7.5) |
| Mean characteristic (SD) | ||||
| Age, y | 47.9 (15.7) | 48.7 (11.4) | 58.0 (12.0)‡ | 62.3 (13.8)‡ |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.5 (3.9)‡ | 25.9 (4.2) | 26.6 (4.2)† | 26.5 (4.4)* |
| Conventional blood pressure | ||||
| Systolic, mm Hg | 121.7 (16.3) | 131.5 (13.2) | 151.3 (22.8) | 146.8 (22.8) |
| Diastolic, mm Hg | 75.1 (9.3) | 86.6 (8.2) | 92.0 (10.9) | 82.0 (10.3) |
| 24-hour blood pressure | ||||
| Systolic, mm Hg | 115.7 (7.9) | 124.5 (4.0) | 143.6 (11.4) | 137.6 (7.8) |
| Diastolic, mm Hg | 69.6 (5.3) | 82.9 (2.7) | 87.2 (6.0) | 74.5 (4.1) |
| Blood glucose, mmol/L | 5.03 (1.17) | 5.11 (1.25) | 5.44 (1.66)† | 5.45 (1.64)† |
| Serum cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.48 (1.13)† | 5.67 (1.13) | 5.78 (1.14) | 5.86 (1.14)† |
Hypertension was a 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg or 80 mm Hg diastolic. Mixed hypertension refers to diastolic combined with systolic hypertension. Significance of the difference with isolated diastolic hypertension:
*
P≤0.05;
†
P≤0.01; and
‡
P≤0.001. Significance levels were not calculated for blood pressure values, used to categorize participants.