Table 3.
Detoxification enzymes and related genes
| Gene family | Clade/Class/Clan | B. imp. | B. ter. | A. mel. | A. flo. | P. bar. | N. vit. | T. cas. | D. mel. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GSTs | Delta | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | - | 4 | - | - |
| Epsilon | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | 0 | - | - | |
| Omega | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | 2 | - | - | |
| Sigma | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | - | 8 | - | - | |
| Theta | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 3 | - | - | |
| Zeta | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | |
| Total GSTs | 13 | 13 | 12 | 12 | - | 18 | - | - | |
| CCEs | A (DD) | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | - | 10 | - | - |
| B (DD) | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | - | 6 | - | - | |
| C (DD) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | 0 | - | - | |
| D (HSP) | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | - | 5 | - | - | |
| E (HSP) | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | - | 12 | - | - | |
| F (HSP) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | 2 | - | - | |
| G (HSP) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | 0 | - | - | |
| H (NDCA) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | |
| I (NDCA) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | |
| J (NDCA) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | 2 | - | - | |
| K (NDCA) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | |
| L (NDCA) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | - | 5 | - | - | |
| M (NDCA) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | |
| Total CCEs | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | - | 46 | - | - | |
| P450s | CYP3 | 27 | 27 | 28 | - | 40 | 49 | 65 | 36 |
| CYP4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | - | 18 | 29 | 41 | 32 | |
| CYP2 | 7 | 7 | 8 | - | 7 | 7 | 8 | 6 | |
| Mitochondrial | 6 | 6 | 6 | - | 7 | 7 | 9 | 11 | |
| Total P450s | 44 | 44 | 46 | - | 72 | 92 | 123 | 85 |
Gene counts of glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), esterases (CCEs), and P450s among selected holometabolous insect genomes.
A. flo = Apis florea, A. mel = Apis mellifera, B. imp = Bombus impatiens, B. ter = Bombus terrestris, D. mel = Drosophila melanogaster, DD = Dietary and detoxification, HSP = hormone and semiocheical processing, N. vit = Nasonia vitripennis, NDCA = Neuro-developmental and cell adhesion, P. bar = Pogonomyrmex barbatus, T. cas = Tribolium castaneum.
- = species not included in particular analysis.