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. 2014 Nov 25;11:54. doi: 10.1186/1743-7075-11-54

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© Ito et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014

This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Detection of macrophages (a-d), vimentin (e-h), and α-SMA (i-l) by IHC in liver of VAD rats. ED1 staining (brown) detected macrophages; vimentin (red) HSC/fibroblasts, and α-SMA (purple) cells containing smooth-muscle fibers. Nuclei were detected with methyl green dye. Numerous vimentin-positive star-shaped cells are present scattered in the parenchymal after treatment with LPS (panel g, black arrows) or LPS + RA (panel h). The white arrow in Figure 6g indicates an example of vimentin-positive cells located in the subendothelial mesenchyme. Scale bars; 100 μm.