Table 3. Trends in prevalence, demographic characteristics and subtypes of children with cerebral palsy, 1991–2010.
| 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1996 | 2000 | 2002 | 2004 | 2006 | 2008 | 2010 | 1991–2010 | Average annual percent change 1991–2010~ | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | Prev | % | Prev | % | Prev | % | Prev | % | Prev | % | Prev | % | Prev | % | Prev | % | Prev | % | Prev | % | Prev | % | Prev | ||
| Total | n = 87 | 2.9 | n = 88 | 2.9 | n = 113 | 3.5 | n = 113 | 3.4 | n = 133 | 3.6 | n = 135 | 3.1 | n = 168 | 3.9 | n = 143 | 3.4 | n = 178 | 4.1 | n = 180 | 4.0 | N = 163 | 3.4 | n = 1501 | 3.5 | 0.96 (0.01, 1.91)* |
| Demographics | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| White non-Hispanic | 54.0 | 2.8 | 51.1 | 2.7 | 55.8 | 3.6 | 43.4 | 2.8 | 44.4 | 3.3 | 39.3 | 2.9 | 36.3 | 3.6 | 32.9 | 2.9 | 38.2 | 4.5 | 32.8 | 3.9 | 31.9 | 3.3 | 40.2 | 3.3 | 1.36 (0.02, 2.72)* |
| Black non-Hispanic | 42.5 | 3.2 | 44.3 | 3.4 | 38.1 | 3.4 | 47.8 | 4.0 | 47.4 | 4.1 | 51.9 | 3.6 | 50.0 | 4.2 | 47.6 | 3.5 | 43.3 | 3.8 | 47.2 | 4.1 | 44.2 | 3.5 | 46.1 | 3.7 | 0.34 (-0.53, 1.21) |
| Hispanic | nr | nr | 3.4 | 3.1 | nr | nr | 7.1 | 6.1 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 3.7 | 1.5 | 5.4 | 2.2 | 12.6 | 4.0 | 11.2 | 3.8 | 11.1 | 3.0 | 14.1 | 2.7 | 7.7 | 3.0 | -0.56 (-4.5, 3.5) |
| Male | 57.5 | 3.3 | 47.7 | 2.7 | 61.1 | 4.2 | 50.4 | 3.4 | 52.6 | 3.8 | 58.5 | 3.6 | 54.2 | 4.1 | 57.3 | 3.8 | 55.1 | 4.4 | 61.7 | 4.8 | 50.3 | 3.3 | 55.4 | 3.8 | 1.08 (-0.23, 2.41) |
| Female | 42.5 | 2.5 | 52.3 | 3.1 | 38.9 | 2.8 | 49.6 | 3.4 | 47.4 | 3.5 | 41.5 | 2.6 | 45.8 | 3.6 | 42.7 | 2.9 | 44.9 | 3.8 | 38.3 | 3.1 | 49.7 | 3.4 | 44.6 | 3.2 | 0.79 (-0.40, 1.99) |
| Subtype | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spastic^ | 74.7 | 2.2 | 85.2 | 2.5 | 92.0 | 3.2 | 86.7 | 2.9 | 79.7 | 2.9 | 78.5 | 2.4 | 73.8 | 2.9 | 87.4 | 3.0 | 85.4 | 3.5 | 75.6 | 3.0 | 81.0 | 2.7 | 81.5 | 2.9 | 0.73 (-0.33, 1.79) |
| Unilateral | 23.1 | 0.5 | 26.7 | 0.7 | 30.8 | 1.0 | 31.6 | 0.9 | 44.3 | 1.3 | 35.8 | 0.9 | 32.3 | 0.9 | 32.8 | 1.0 | 18.4 | 0.6 | 33.8 | 1.0 | 27.3 | 0.7 | 30.6 | 0.9 | 0.14 (-1.95, 2.28) |
| Bilateral | 70.8 | 1.5 | 72.0 | 1.8 | 67.3 | 2.2 | 66.3 | 1.9 | 50.9 | 1.5 | 61.3 | 1.5 | 63.7 | 1.8 | 64.0 | 1.9 | 75.7 | 2.7 | 61.0 | 1.8 | 69.7 | 1.9 | 65.7 | 1.9 | 0.87 (-0.62, 2.38) |
| Non-spastic** | 14.9 | 0.4 | 3.4 | 0.1 | 6.2 | 0.2 | 7.1 | 0.2 | 8.3 | 0.3 | 12.6 | 0.4 | 8.9 | 0.3 | 4.2 | 0.1 | 7.9 | 0.3 | 13.9 | 0.6 | 8.0 | 0.3 | 8.8 | 0.3 | 1.47 (-2.27, 5.36) |
| CP-NOS + | 10.3 | 0.3 | 11.4 | 0.3 | nr | nr | 6.2 | 0.2 | 12.0 | 0.4 | 8.9 | 0.3 | 17.3 | 0.7 | 8.4 | 0.3 | 6.7 | 0.3 | 10.6 | 0.4 | 11.0 | 0.4 | 9.7 | 0.3 | 1.87 (-2.01, 5.91) |
* Trend is not significant when restricted to 1993–2010 surveillance
^ Total includes children with spastic-dyskinetic and spastic-ataxic CP, and spastic CP not otherwise specified.
~ Proportions and prevalence estimates with numerators <5 children are suppressed due to small sample sizes. Trend analyses reflect weighted prevalence for surveillance years with n<5 children and the subsequent surveillance year (e.g., trend for Hispanic children with CP combined 1991–1992 numerators and denominators for the first time period).
** Includes ataxic, dyskinetic, hypotonic, and ataxic-dyskinetic CP subtypes.
+Includes children with CP not otherwise specified.