Table 1.
Plant Food and Animal Food Allergen Families.
| Family | Function | Selected allergens (names/sources) |
|---|---|---|
| Plant food allergen families | ||
| Prolamins | Seed storage proteins | Sec c 20/Rye; Tri a 19/wheat; Tri a 36/wheat |
| Nonspecific lipid transfer proteins | Involved in lipid transport, plant defense | Act d 10/Kiwi; Api g 2/celery; Ara h 9/peanut; Cas s 8/chestnut; Cor a 8/hazelnut; Jug r 3/walnut; Lyc e 3/tomato; Mus a 3/banana; Pru du 3/almond; Pru p 3 /peach; Tri a 14/wheat; Zea m 14/maize |
| 2S albumins | Seed storage proteins | Ana o 3/cashew nut; Ara h 2/peanut; Ber e 1/Brazil nut; Fag e 2/buckwheat; Gly m 8/soybean; Jug r 1/walnut; Ses i 1/sesame; Sin a 1/mustard |
| Bet v 1 family | Pathogenesis-related proteins | Api g 1/celery; Ara h 8/peanut; Cor a 1/hazelnut; Dau c 1/carrot; Gly m 4/soybean; Mal d 1/apple; Pru p 1/peach |
| Cupin superfamily | ||
| 7S (vicilin-like) globulins | Seed storage proteins | Ana o 1/cashew nut; Ara h 1/peanut; Gly m 5/soybean; Jug r 2/walnut; Pis v 3/pistachio |
| 11S (legumin-like) globulins | Seed storage proteins | Ana o 2/cashew nut; Ara h 3/peanut; Ber e 2/Brazil nut; Cor a 9/hazelnut; Gly m 6/soybean; Jug r 4/walnut; Pru du 6/almond |
| Cysteine protease C1 family | Cysteine proteases | Act d 1/kiwi; Gly m Bd 30K/soybean |
| Profilins | Actin-binding proteins | Act d 9/kiwi; Api g 4/celery; Ara h 5/peanut; Cuc m 2/melon; Dau c 4/carrot; Gly m 3/soybean; Lyc e 1/tomato; Mus a 1/banana; Ory s 12/rice; Pru av 4/cherry; Pru du 4/almond; Pru p 4/peach; Tri a 12/wheat |
| Animal food allergen families | ||
| Tropomyosin family | Actin-binding proteins in muscle | Pen m 1/shrimp |
| Parvalbumin family | Muscle proteins, involved in muscle contraction | Cyp c 1/carp; Gad c 1/cod; Ran e 2/frog; Sal s 1/salmon; Seb m 1/redfish; Xip g 1/swordfish |
| Caseins | Mammalian milk proteins, form stable micellar complexes | Bos d 8–Bos d 12/cow’s milk |
| Transferrin family | Sulfur-rich ion-binding glycoproteins from milk and hen’s egg white | Bos d Lactoferrin/cow’s milk; Gal d 3/hen’s egg |
| Serpins | Serine protease inhibitors | Gal d 2/hen’s egg |
| Arginine kinases | Adenosine triphosphate: guanido phosphotransferases | Pen m 2/shrimp |
| Lipocalins | Carrier proteins | Bos d 5/cow’s milk |
| Lysozyme family | Enzymatic activity, lactose synthesis in milk | Bos d 4/cow’s milk; Gal d 4/hen’s egg |
| Ovomucoids | Kazal inhibitors, contain Kazal-type inhibitor repeats | Gal d 1/hen’s egg |
| Albumins | Serum albumins, transport proteins | Bos d 6/cow’s milk; Gal d 5/hen’s egg |
NOTE. Biologic functions of the proteins and selected allergens from various food allergen sources are named according to the International Union of Immunological Societies allergen nomenclature.