Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients stratified by liver:spleen attenuation ratio of 1.1 on abdominal CT. All values are expressed as medians and IQRs unless otherwise specified. Continuous variables were compared with Mann-Whitney U test. Categorical variables were compared with Fisher's exact test. Significant differences between groups (p<0.05) are highlighted in bold. ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein; WHO, World Health Organization. Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Participants
| Characteristics | Total (N=101) | NAFLD (N=37) | No NAFLD (N=64) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 47.5 (41.4-52.1) | 46.8 (39.8-51.0) | 47.7 (41.7-53.2) | 0.390 |
| African American, n (%) | 37 (36.6%) | 11 (29.8%) | 26 (40.6%) | 0.289 |
| Tobacco use, n (%) | 11 (10.9%) | 4 (10.8%) | 7 (10.9%) | 1.000 |
| Antihypertensive medication use, n (%) | 35 (34.6%) | 15 (40.5%) | 20 (31.3%) | 0.387 |
| Lipid-lowering medication use, n (%) | 9 (8.9%) | 1 (2.7%) | 8 (12.5%) | 0.150 |
| Weight, kg | 113.2 (103.8-126.3) | 123.0 (108.4-132.7) | 111.3 (101.3-121.0) | 0.004 |
| Body Mass Index, kg/m2 | 42.9 (40.0-46.1) | 44.5 (41.8-49.0) | 41.7 (38.3-44.1) | <0.001 |
| WHO Obesity Class II | 25 (24.8%) | 4 (10.8%) | 21 (32.8%) | 0.017 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 120.2 (113.1-128.6) | 127.0 (115.2-133.7) | 117.6 (112.1-126.4) | 0.002 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 136 (127-146) | 136 (129-144) | 136 (126-148) | 0.910 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 78 (72-83) | 77 (73-81) | 80 (70-83) | 0.716 |
| Glucose, mg/dl | 94.0 (83.5-100.0) | 95.0 (88.3-103.0) | 90.0 (82.0-96.0) | 0.006 |
| Insulin, mU/L | 14.78 (9.01-19.63) | 17.41 (11.56-21.36) | 13.28 (8.89-18.78) | 0.016 |
| HOMA-IR Index | 3.30 (2.07-4.75) | 4.07 (2.64-5.23) | 2.73 (1.81-4.11) | 0.004 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dl | 192.0 (166.5-207.5) | 187 (168-211) | 193 (165-207) | 0.902 |
| HDL, mg/dl | 48 (41-56) | 46 (41-52.5) | 50 (41-58) | 0.112 |
| LDL, mg/dl | 121.0 (105.5-137.0) | 121 (108-136) | 125 (104-137) | 0.947 |
| VLDL, mg/dl | 17 (14-24) | 19 (15-25) | 16 (13-22) | 0.023 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dl | 103 (86.0-141.5) | 118 (92-155) | 97 (79-131) | 0.015 |
| Number of metabolic syndrome features | 3 (2-3) | 3 (2-4) | 3 (2-3) | 0.111 |
| Metabolic syndrome, n (%) | 59 (58.4%) | 26 (70.3%) | 33 (51.6%) | 0.093 |
| AST, U/L | 24 (21-27) | 24 (21-28) | 24 (21-27) | 0.541 |
| ALT, U/L | 28 (24-35) | 33 (26-37) | 26 (22-33) | 0.008 |
| Alkaline phosphatase, U/L | 85 (74-98) | 87 (77-103) | 83 (72-97) | 0.231 |
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 0.8 (0.7-0.9) | 0.8 (0.7-0.9) | 0.8 (0.7-0.9) | 0.128 |