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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2014 Oct 30;25(4):267–274. doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2014.10.021

Figure 1. Vascular calcification predicts cardiovascular events.

Figure 1

In a meta- analysis, risk for major adverse events was determined for patients with cardiovascular calcification versus those without calcification. Data from 218,080 patients from 30 studies was examined to determine the odds ratio (OR) for all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality as well as any CV event, stroke, or coronary events. Patients included in these studies ranged from asymptomatic individuals to those with diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, chest pain and multiple risk factors.

Adapted with permission fromRennenberg, et al. Vascular calcifications as a marker of increased cardiovascular risk: a meta-analysis. Vasc Health Risk Manage 2009;5:185-97. (6)