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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2014 Oct 30;25(4):267–274. doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2014.10.021

Figure 3. Mechanisms of vascular medial calcification.

Figure 3

Contractile vascular smooth muscle cells undergo differentiation to osteoblast-like cells when exposed to high levels of phosphate and other cellular and/or systemic processes that facilitate vascular calcification. These osteoblast-like cells participate in vascular medial calcification.