Table 3.
Overall Multivariate Model P-values and Means ± SD or % for Drinking at Each Time Point
| Baseline | 6 Months | 24 Months | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Drink | No Drink | Univariate Model p-value |
Multivariate Model p-value** |
Drink | No Drink | Univariate Model p-value |
Multivariate Model p-value** |
Drink | No Drink | Univariate Model p-value |
Multivariate Model p-value** |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
| Age | 15.0 ± 1.7 | 13.6 ± 2.0 | <.0001 | <.0001 | 15.4 ± 1.8 | 14.0 ± 2.0 | <.0001 | <.0001 | 16.6 ± 1.7 | 15.2 ± 1.9 | <.0001 | <.0001 |
| Sex | 0.2628 | 0.3422 | 0.0440 | 0.3504 | 0.0024 | 0.0558 | ||||||
| Female | 63.1% | 65.2% | 57.1% | 66.3% | 55.8% | 69.6% | ||||||
| Male | 36.9% | 34.8% | 42.9% | 33.7% | 44.2% | 30.4% | ||||||
| Race/Ethnicity | 0.1597 | * | 0.3776 | * | 0.0529 | * | ||||||
| Black | 35.1% | 35.5% | 32.3% | 34.5% | 32.6% | 36.0% | ||||||
| Hispanic | 37.5% | 43.6% | 43.9% | 44.5% | 40.2% | 45.9% | ||||||
| White | 27.4% | 20.9% | 23.7% | 21.0% | 27.2% | 18.0% | ||||||
| Household Income | 0.5235 | * | 0.2017 | * | 0.1267 | * | ||||||
| <$25,000 | 36.4% | 40.3% | 37.2% | 42.2% | 35.9% | 44.1% | ||||||
| $25,000 – $49,999 | 33.1% | 34.8% | 33.1% | 33.9% | 34.4% | 33.2% | ||||||
| ≥$50,000 | 30.5% | 24.9% | 29.7% | 23.9% | 29.7% | 22.7% | ||||||
| BMI Z-score | 2.2 ± 0.5 | 2.2 ± 0.5 | 0.5002 | * | 2.2 ± 0.5 | 2.2 ± 0.5 | 0.5032 | * | 2.2 ± 0.6 | 2.2 ± 0.5 | 0.9173 | * |
| HbA1c# | 6.0 ± 0.7 | 6.0 ± 0.8 | 0.9458 | * | 6.4 ± 1.3 | 6.4 ± 1.6 | 0.6041 | * | 7.3 ± 2.3 | 7.3 ± 2.4 | 0.9894 | * |
| Depression Z-Score | −0.5 ± 0.9 | −0.5 ± 0.8 | 0.1224 | * | −0.7 ± 0.7 | −0.7 ± 0.7 | 0.1995 | * | −0.7 ± 0.7 | −0.8 ± 0.7 | 0.0675 | * |
| Grades | <.0001 | 0.0351 | 0.0127 | 0.6056 | 0.0330 | 0.3352 | ||||||
| Mostly As | 10.2% | 25.2% | 19.0% | 27.4% | 17.5% | 26.8% | ||||||
| Mostly Bs | 44.9% | 42.7% | 42.1% | 41.0% | 44.8% | 40.2% | ||||||
| Mostly Cs | 36.5% | 25.6% | 33.3% | 23.6% | 30.2% | 25.0% | ||||||
| Mostly Ds & Fs | 8.4% | 6.5% | 5.6% | 7.9% | 7.5% | 8.0% | ||||||
| # of Days Missed School for Safety | 0.5693 | * | 0.5259 | * | 0.4809 | * | ||||||
| 0 Days | 92.8% | 88.6% | 92.8% | 92.9% | 92.4% | 92.6% | ||||||
| 1 Day | 3.0% | 4.7% | 2.1% | 2.7% | 1.4% | 2.2% | ||||||
| 2–3 Days | 1.8% | 3.0% | 4.1% | 3.0% | 4.3% | 2.6% | ||||||
| 4–5 Days | 2.4% | 1.9% | 1.0% | 0.5% | 0.5% | 1.8% | ||||||
| 6+ Days | 0% | 1.9% | 0% | 0.8% | 1.4% | 0.7% | ||||||
| Stress Score | 1.6 ± 1.3 | 1.4 ± 1.3 | 0.0598 | 0.1193 | 1.1 ± 1.0 | 0.9 ± 1.0 | 0.0218 | 0.0406 | 1.0 ± 1.0 | 0.9 ± 1.0 | 0.0112 | 0.0811 |
#
HbA1c at baseline was prior to any participants beginning insulin; 8.6% (N=53) were on insulin at 6 months and 30.2% (N=164) were on insulin at 24 months.
*
Variable not included in the multivariate model.
**
Multivariate model adjusted for treatment assignment.