Table 4.

Overall Univariate and Multivariate Model P-values and Means ± SD or % for Full Characterization of Health Risk Behaviors at Each Time Point

	Baseline						6 Months						24 Months
	Smoke & Drink	Smoke Only	Drink Only	Neither	Univariate Model p-value	Multivariate Model** p-value	Smoke & Drink	Smoke Only	Drink Only	Neither	Univariate Model p-value	Multivariate Model** p-value	Smoke & Drink	Smoke Only	Drink Only	Neither	Univariate Model p-value	Multivariate Model** p-value
Age	15.5 ± 1.4	14.7 ± 1.9	14.7 ± 1.8	13.5 ± 2.0	<.0001	<.0001	15.9 ± 1.5	14.7 ± 1.8	15.1 ± 1.9	13.9 ± 2.0	<.0001	<.0001	17.1 ± 1.5	16.1 ± 1.7	16.2 ± 1.8	15.1 ± 1.9	<.0001	<.0001
Sex					0.2352	0.1467					0.0202	0.7920					0.0025	0.0256
Female	66.7%	66.7%	61.1%	65.1%			56.6%	60.9%	57.4%	66.7%			54.4%	61.1%	56.7%	70.2%
Male	33.3%	33.3%	38.9%	34.9%			43.4%	39.1%	42.6%	33.3%			45.6%	38.9%	43.3%	29.8%
Race/Ethnicity					0.0443	0.0328					0.3363	0.3291					0.0633	0.0221
Black	38.3%	41.7%	33.3%	35.1%			34.2%	43.5%	31.1%	33.9%			33.3%	50.0%	32.1%	35.1%
Hispanic	28.3%	29.2%	42.6%	44.5%			40.8%	34.8%	45.9%	45.1%			36.7%	38.9%	42.5%	46.4%
White	33.3%	29.2%	24.1%	20.4%			25.0%	21.7%	23.0%	21.0%			30.0%	11.1%	25.4%	18.5%
Household Income					0.7303	*					0.3709	*					0.3000	*
<$25,000	33.3%	36.8%	38.1%	40.4%			39.7%	40.0%	35.6%	42.3%			38.5%	43.8%	34.2%	44.2%
$25,000 – $49,999	38.9%	47.4%	29.9%	34.2%			35.3%	40.0%	31.7%	33.5%			38.5%	37.5%	31.6%	32.9%
≥$50,000	27.8%	15.8%	32.0%	25.4%			25.0%	20.0%	32.7%	24.1%			23.1%	18.8%	34.2%	22.9%
BMI Z-score	2.3 ± 0.5	2.4 ± 0.5	2.2 ± 0.5	2.2 ± 0.5	0.0623	0.2588	2.3 ± 0.5	2.4 ± 0.5	2.2 ± 0.6	2.2 ± 0.5	0.0205	0.1012	2.2 ± 0.6	2.2 ± 0.5	2.1 ± 0.6	2.2 ± 0.5	0.3451	0.7024
HbA1c#	5.9 ± 0.8	6.2 ± 0.7	6.1 ± 0.7	6.0 ± 0.8	0.8085	*	6.3 ± 1.2	6.7 ± 1.9	6.5 ± 1.4	6.3 ± 1.5	0.4670	*	7.4 ± 2.3	8.2 ± 3.1	7.2 ± 2.2	7.2 ± 2.4	0.5994	*
Depression Z-Score	−0.4 ± 0.9	−0.2 ± 1.1	−0.5 ± 0.8	−0.6 ± 0.8	0.0220	0.0546	−0.6 ± 0.8	−0.4 ± 0.8	−0.7 ± 0.7	−0.7 ± 0.7	0.0209	0.0443	−0.6 ± 0.7	−0.6 ± 1.0	−0.7 ± 0.7	−0.8 ± 0.7	0.0493	0.0329
Grades					<.0001	0.0492					0.0017	0.1172					0.0144	0.1944
Mostly As	6.7%	25.0%	12.1%	25.2%			10.7%	4.3%	24.2%	29.0%			12.5%	18.8%	20.5%	27.3%
Mostly Bs	48.3%	20.8%	43.0%	44.0%			41.3%	56.5%	42.5%	40.0%			45.0%	37.5%	44.7%	40.4%
Mostly Cs	35.0%	33.3%	37.4%	25.2%			37.3%	21.7%	30.8%	23.8%			35.0%	31.3%	27.3%	24.6%
Mostly Ds & Fs	10.0%	20.8%	7.5%	5.7%			10.7%	17.4%	2.5%	7.2%			7.5%	12.5%	7.6%	7.7%
# of Days Missed School for Safety					0.6666	*					0.6363	*					0.2979	*
0 Days	90.0%	83.3%	94.4%	88.9%			94.5%	87.0%	91.7%	93.3%			91.3%	93.8%	93.1%	92.6%
1 Day	5.0%	12.5%	1.9%	4.2%			2.7%	0%	1.7%	2.9%			0%	0%	2.3%	2.3%
2–3 Days	3.3%	0%	0.9%	3.2%			2.7%	4.3%	5.0%	2.9%			5.0%	0%	3.8%	2.7%
4–5 Days	1.7%	4.2%	2.8%	1.7%			0%	0%	1.7%	0.6%			1.3%	0%	0%	2.0%
6+ Days	0%	0%	0%	2.0%			0%	8.7%	0%	0.3%			2.5%	6.3%	0.8%	0.4%
Stress Score	2.0 ± 1.5	1.9 ± 1.2	1.4 ± 1.2	1.4 ± 1.3	0.0012	0.0500	1.1 ± 1.0	1.1 ± 1.0	1.1 ± 1.0	0.9 ± 1.0	0.0089	0.1712	1.1 ± 1.1	1.3 ± 1.4	1.0 ± 1.0	0.8 ± 1.0	0.0013	0.0090

^#HbA1c at baseline was prior to any participants beginning insulin; 8.6% (N=53) were on insulin at 6 months and 30.2% (N=164) were on insulin at 24 months.

^*Variable not included in the multivariate model.

^**Multivariate model adjusted for treatment assignment.