Table 2.
Zero-order kinetics of elimination of alcohols in rats.a
| Alcohol | Animals, stateb |
Dose, mmole/kg |
Rate, mmole/kg•h |
r, mL/g |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethanol | 29 | 20,33,43,65 | 7.9 ± 1.0 | 0.79 ± 0.09 |
| 2, MP | 20 | 0.92 ± 0.03 | 0.73 ± 0.01 | |
| 2, IBA | 20 | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 0.73 ± 0.01 | |
| 3, fasted | 43 | 5.7 ± 0.1 | 0.70 ± 0.01 | |
| 1-Propanol | 4 | 10 | 5.3 ± 0.5 | 0.67 ± 0.09 |
| 3, MP | 10 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 0.72 ± 0.11 | |
| 3, IBA | 10 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 0.71 ± 0.09 | |
| 3, AT | 10 | 5.0 ± 0.5 | 0.77 ± 0.20 | |
| 1-Butanol | 3 | 8 | 3.2 ± 0.4 | 0.82 ± 0.09 |
| 3, MP | 8 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 0.90 ± 0.20 | |
| 1, IBA | 8 | 1.4 | 1.1 | |
| 2, AT | 8 | 4.0 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | |
| 2-Methyl-1-propanol | 3 | 10 | 3.8 ± 0.6 | 1.1 ± 0.04 |
| 3, MP | 10 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 0.92 ± 0.09 | |
| 1, IBA | 10 | 1.5 | 0.99 | |
| 2, AT | 10 | 4.5 ± 0.1 | 0.95 ± 0.13 | |
| 3-Methyl-1-butanol | 5 | 5, 7 | 4.6 ± 0.8 | 1.2 ± 0.2 |
| 2, MP | 5 | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | |
| 1, IBA | 5 | 1.5 | 1.0 | |
| 1, AT | 5 | 3.9 | 1.3 | |
| 1,3-Propanediol | 3 | 10 | 2.7 ± 0.8 | 0.9 ± 0.5 |
| 3, MP | 10 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.3 | |
| 1, IBA | 10 | 1.3 | 0.43 | |
| 1,3-Butanediol | 3 | 10 | 5.0 ± 0.3 | 0.82 ± 0.05 |
| 1, MP | 10 | 0.77 | 0.69 | |
| 1, IBA | 10 | 1.1 | 0.70 | |
| 1, AT | 10 | 4.9 | 0.98 | |
| 1,4-Butanediol | 2 | 12 | 6.7 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.2 |
| 2, MP | 12 | 0.95 ± 0.32 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | |
| 1, IBA | 12 | 1.2 | 0.68 | |
| 1, AT | 12 | 6.5 | 1.6 | |
| 1,5-Pentanediol | 5 | 10 | 5.0 ± 0.7 | 1.1 ± 0.2 |
| 2, MP | 10 | 1.05 ± 0.05 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | |
| 1, IBA | 10 | 1.5 | 0.87 | |
| 1, AT | 10 | 6.2 | 0.93 | |
| 1,2-Ethanediol | 2 | 50 | 5.6 ± 0.3 | 0.72 ± 0.08 |
| 2, MP | 50 | 5.0 ± 0.2 | 0.68 ± 0.06 | |
| 2, IBA | 50 | 5.2 ± 0.7 | 0.68 ± 0.06 | |
| 2, AT | 50 | 4.3 ± 0.3 | 0.76 ± 0.11 | |
| 2,3-Butanediol | 2 | 10 | 0.92 ± 0.08 | 0.89 ± 0.04 |
| 1, MP | 10 | 0.84 | 0.85 | |
| 1, AT | 10 | 0.86 | 0.93 | |
| Methanol | 2 | 10 | 0.64 ± 0.02 | 0.89 ± 0.04 |
| 2, MP | 10 | 0.56 ± 0.01 | 0.85 ± 0.05 | |
| 1, IBA | 10 | 0.62 | 0.79 | |
| 2, AT | 10 | 0.40 ± 0.05 | 0.82 ± 0.04 | |
| 1, MP+AT | 10 | 0.41 | 0.83 | |
| tert-Butanol | 2 | 7 | 0.39 ± 0.02 | 0.66 ± 0.01 |
| (2-Methyl-2-propanol) | 1,MP | 7 | 0.33 | 0.63 |
| 1, AT | 7 | 0.35 | 0.63 |
Rats (usually fed; fasted animals had no food for 24 h) were given the indicated doses of alcohol (i.p., diluted in saline) and the blood alcohol concentration was followed over time. Linear regression was used to calculate the parameters for the zero-order (straight line) fit to the data. The rates were calculated by dividing the dose given by the time required to completely eliminate the alcohol. The r value (fraction of body weight that is “water”, accessible to the alcohol or ketone) was calculated as the ratio of fitted concentration of alcohol in the blood at zero time divided by the dose given.
The number of animals, fed state usually (fasted animals had no food for 24 h), and treatments with inhibitors are given.