Table 1.
Summary of data and model results for each assessment [Color table can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at http://wileyonlinelibrary.com.]
| Test Name | No. sub. | Raw Scores (mean ± std) | LS w/lesion vol. R 2 (AIC) | LS w/vol. & L/R R 2 (AIC) | Fixed‐effects PLSR R 2 (AIC) | Bootstrap PLSR R 2 (mean ± std) | No. PLSR comp | Predictors with nonzero PLSR regression coefficients (negative in red, positive in blue) | PLSR components |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NIH Stroke Scale (negated) | 39 | 7.8 ± 5.9 | 0.43 (−11.6) | 0.46 (−8.82) | 0.76 (−51.26) | 0.78 ± 0.05 | 2 | age, bilateral pre/postcentral, superior frontal and supramarginal gyri; left paracentral gyri, parietal and subcortical areas | First: Cerebellar vs. noncerebellar |
| Second: Left vs. right | |||||||||
| Left LE MI | 39 | 76.9 ± 33.3 | 0.12 (5.75) | 0.36 (−2.54) | 0.35 (−13.95) | 0.38 ± 0.13 | 1 | right thalamus and other subcortical regions, frontal and parietal areas including the rolandic operculum, supplemental motor area and post/paracentral gyri, left hemisphere | Left vs. right |
| Right LE MI | 39 | 83.4 ± 24.3 | 0.24 (−0.14) | 0.50 (−11.89) | 0.50 (−22.50) | 0.54 ± 0.14 | 2 | left supramarginal gyri, right thalamus and subcortical, other left motor areas large but NS | Left vs. right |
| MIU Left UE MI | 38 | 77.4 ± 36.4 | 0.18 (3.41) | 0.31 (0.90) | 0.27 (−8.98) | 0.33 ± 0.13 | 1 | vermis and right parietal, occipital and frontal regions, including the cingulate structures, superior parietal gyri, para/postcentral gyri, and supplementary motor area, right hemi. | Left vs. right |
| MIU Right UE MI | 38 | 80.8 ± 34.3 | 0.21 (1.94) | 0.31 (0.64) | 0.39 (−16.21) | 0.46 ± 0.14 | 1 | vermis and right cerebellum, left motor regions large but NS | Left vs. right |
| Total MAST | 34 | 90.9 ± 20.5 | 0.31 (−2.02) | 0.38 (−1.21) | 0.92 (−82.42) | 0.87 ± 0.16 | 2 | left hemisphere regions, including rolandic operculum, postcentral gyri, frontal inferior operculum, insula, Heschl's gyri and globus pallidus; right frontotemporal | First: right |
| FIM motor | 41 | 34.3 ± 15. | 0.20 (1.72) | 0.20 (5.70) | 0.34 (−14.15) | 0.37 ± 0.08 | 1 | right frontal and parietal, hippocampus and caudate nucleus, pre/para/postcentral gyri, SMA and left superior parietal regions | First: language‐related, left frontotemporal |
| Second: left frontal and right temporal | |||||||||
| FIM cognitive | 41 | 24.9 ± 8.0 | 0.21 (0.88) | 0.27 (2.08) | 0.68 (−42.93) | 0.69 ± 0.07 | 2 | bilateral frontal, left parietal and subcortical regions | First: right |
| FIM total | 41 | 59.7 ± 22.1 | 0.23 (−0.15) | 0.24 (3.68) | 0.44 (−20.87) | 0.45 ± 0.08 | 1 | similar to FIM moto | First: Cerebellar vs. Noncerebellar |
| Second: Right frontotemporal‐pareital | |||||||||
| SDMT # Correct | 33 | 19.5 ± 11.2 | 0.10 (52.68) | 0.15 (55.10) | 0.39 (33.63) | 0.47 ± 0.11 | 2 | right inferior occipital and calcarine areas | First: right hemisphere |
| SDMT # attempted | 33 | 20.7 ± 10.8 | Second: right occipital vs. other right hemispheric regions | ||||||
| MOCA Visuospatial‐executive | 36 | 2.8 ± 1.5 | 0.18 (3.63) | 0.30 (2.27) | 0.34 (−10.25) | 0.37 ± 0.09 | 2 | left superior and inferior parietal regions, angular gyri, putamen and globus pallidus | First: Cerebellar vs. noncerebellar, right |
| Second: left vs. right | |||||||||
| MOCA Naming | 35 | 2.5 ± 0.6 | 0.25 (0.61) | 0.33 (0.91) | 0.43 (−15.16) | 0.45 ± 0.13 | 2 | bilateral globus pallidus, left angular gyrus and right amygdala, right occipital regions | First: left frontal/subcortical and right occipital |
| Second: Left frontal/subcortical vs. left occipital/cerebellar | |||||||||
| MOCA Attention | 36 | 4.2 ± 1.6 | 0.09 (7.47) | 0.14 (9.38) | 0.26 (−8.31) | 0.31 ± 0.09 | 1 | right inferior and superior fronto‐temporal‐parietal regions | First: right inferior and superior frontotemporal‐parietal regions |
| MOCA Language | 36 | 1.8 ± 0.9 | 0.06 (8.61) | 0.08 (12.10) | 0.38 (−12.68) | 0.43 ± 0.10 | 2 | bilateral medial regions, including middle and anterior cingulate and superior medial frontal gyri | First: left frontal vs. left temporal‐occipital |
| Second: medial versus lateral | |||||||||
| MOCA Abstraction | 36 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 0.10 (7.00) | 0.15 (9.34) | 0.56 (−24.59) | 0.60 ± 0.11 | 2 | right medial parietal and medial frontal areas | First: medial regions |
| Second: Left frontotemporal‐pareital | |||||||||
| MOCA Delayed Recall | 36 | 1.6 ± 1.6 | 0.08 (7.96) | 0.12 (10.20) | 0.50 (−20.63) | 0.52 ± 0.10 | 2 | right amygdala, globus pallidus, rectus gyrus and some orbito‐frontal regions, left medial frontal superior | First: Medial regions |
| Second: Left occipital, bilateral parahippocampal and hippocampal vs. right frontotemporal | |||||||||
| MOCA Orientation | 36 | 5.3 ± 1.0 | 0.20 (2.59) | 0.26 (4.22) | 0.55 (−21.77) | 0.55 ± 0.14 | 3 | left superior and inferior parietal areas, vermis | different areas in the left frontoparietal |
| MOCA Total | 35 | 20.1 ± 5.1 | 0.12 (6.22) | 0.19 (7.46) | 0.28 (−8.66) | 0.30 ± 0.09 | 1 | right frontal and temporal regions | First: right frontotemporal pareital |