Table 2.
HIV-related knowledge and perceptions, stigma, and health factors affecting the uptake of HCT among study participants
| Variable | Overall, N (%) | Not HIV tested, n (%) | HIV tested, n (%) | P-value | Crude OR | 95% CI | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Knowledge, stigma, and perceptions | |||||||
| Are you aware of HCT, and have you heard of PICT? (yes) | 951 (82.98) | 139 (14.62) | 812 (85.38) | <0.001* | |||
| What is your perception of the risk of getting HIV infection? (low) | 594 (51.83) | 123 (16.67) | 471 (83.33) | 0.178 | – | – | – |
| What makes you think you can't be HIV-positive? (I use condoms) | 876 (76.44) | 166 (18.95) | 710 (81.65) | <0.001* | – | – | – |
| What is your perceived benefit of doing an HIV test? (high) | 738 (64.40) | 123 (16.67) | 615 (83.33) | 0.003* | 0.74 | 0.52–1.05 | 0.091** |
| What are your perceptions for HIV testing? (a lot of stigma associated with HIV testing) | 594 (51.83) | 97 (16.33) | 497 (83.67) | <0.001* | |||
| What are the social barriers to HIV testing? (stigma and discrimination) | 429 (37.43) | 112 (26.11) | 317 (73.89) | <0.001* | 0.50 | 0.37–0.68 | <0.001** |
| Why is there stigma and discrimination related to HIV testing? (ignorance) | 531 (46.34) | 111 (20.90) | 420 (79.10) | 0.163 | |||
| Health factors | |||||||
| Why would you say there is a lack of ART services? (no information on ART services) | 1,023 (89.27) | 201 (19.65) | 822 (80.35) | 0.264 | |||
| Why do you think there is no confidentiality at testing stations? (testing station located near place of residence) | 615 (53.66) | 102 (16.59) | 513 (83.41) | <0.001* | |||
| Which health worker reduces your willingness to test? (nurses) | 660 (57.59) | 135 (20.45) | 525 (79.55) | 0.055 | |||
| Experience difficulty in accessing HCT services? (yes) | 1,023 (89.27) | 196 (19.16) | 827 (80.84) | 0.925 | |||
| Have you paid for HIV testing? (yes) | 141 (12.30) | 21 (14.89) | 120 (85.11) | 0.166 | 1.41 | 0.87–2.30 | 0.168 |
*
Bivariate associations determined by chi-square tests at 5% significance level.
**
Variables with P-value of equal to or less than 5% significance level were entered into multiple logistic regression models.