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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Brain Behav Immun. 2015 Feb 12;46:192–202. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.02.005

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Maternal choline supplementation ameliorated autistic- and schizophrenia-like behaviors in MIA wild-type offspring. (A–B) Maternal choline supplementation prevented the MIA-induced open field anxiety phenotype as assayed by center entries (A) but not center duration (B). (C) Maternal choline supplementation prevented repetitive/compulsive behavior in the marble burying test that was induced by MIA. MIA offspring given the control diet buried significantly more marbles than saline offspring. The MIA-induced marble burying behavior was reduced by maternal choline supplementation. (D–E) Maternal choline supplementation did not prevent the MIA-induced PPI deficit. Saline-Control diet: n = 6 litters; Poly(I:C)-Control diet: n = 7 litters; Saline-Choline diet: n = 7 litters; Poly(I:C)-Choline diet: n = 8 litters. Data are presented as Mean ± SEM. Significant difference between groups is labeled as * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. n.s. : not significant.