Naïve NOD CD4+ T cells were cultured under Th17 conditions with syngeneic T cell-depleted APC that were cultured for 18h with media (unstim), CpG, or CpG+ IL-2. Left panel, Representative flow cytometry data showing frequency of IL-17-producing cells in Th17 differentiation cultures. Right panel, summary data showing frequency of IL-17-producing T cells in Th17 differentiation cultures. Data are normalized to frequency of Th17 cells in cultures with unstim APC (n=3). *p=0.0034, one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s multiple comparison test. ns=not significant.