Table 1.
Patient and Visit Characteristics by Pattern of Hypertonic Saline Utilization in 42 PHIS Hospitals
| Variables | Non-Recipients (n=61498) | Daily HTS (n= 1115) | Trial HTS (n= 207) | Rescue HTS (n= 326) | Sporadic HTS (n=191) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (months), mean (SD) | 4.13 (3.40) | 3.72 (3.14) | 4.03 (3.35) | 3.44 (3.14) | 3.39 (3.11) | <0.001 |
| Male Sex, % | 58.8 | 59.6 | 62.3 | 62.3 | 59.2 | 0.51 |
| Race, % | ||||||
| Black | 22.1 | 12.6 | 25.1 | 18.1 | 15.2 | 0.05 |
| White | 54.0 | 69.3 | 55.6 | 56.8 | 67.0 | |
| Other | 18.7 | 16.3 | 18.4 | 23.0 | 16.8 | |
| Unknown | 5.2 | 1.8 | 1.0 | 2.2 | 1.0 | |
| Asthma Diagnosis, % | 6.6 | 7.0 | 10.1 | 8.3 | 6.3 | 0.45 |
| Insurance Category, % | ||||||
| Medicaid | 60.5 | 66.5 | 60.9 | 58.6 | 73.3 | 0.32 |
| Private | 24.6 | 28.1 | 29.5 | 28.8 | 20.9 | |
| Self Pay | 1.3 | 2.2 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 1.0 | |
| Other | 5.4 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 3.7 | 1.6 | |
| Unknown | 8.2 | 1.6 | 7.2 | 8.3 | 3.1 | |
| Season, % | ||||||
| Summer (June–Aug) | 3.5 | 1.8 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 4.2 | 0.46 |
| Fall (Sept–Nov) | 13.7 | 9.1 | 11.6 | 14.4 | 4.7 | |
| Winter (Dec–Feb) | 60.2 | 59.4 | 63.3 | 58.0 | 60.7 | |
| Spring (Mar–May) | 22.6 | 29.8 | 22.2 | 24.5 | 30.4 | |
| Year, % | ||||||
| 2008 | 8.1 | 0.4 | 2.4 | 0.6 | 0.5 | <0.001 |
| 2009 | 30.0 | 5.4 | 15.0 | 16.9 | 11.0 | |
| 2010 | 31.2 | 26.4 | 25.6 | 34.7 | 26.7 | |
| 2011 | 30.7 | 67.8 | 57.0 | 47.9 | 61.8 | |
| Severity, % | ||||||
| Intensive Care Unit Admission | 7.2 | 3.9 | 21.7 | 30.7 | 38.2 | <0.001 |
| Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation | 2.3 | 0.7 | 9.2 | 13.5 | 11.5 | 0.004 |
| Mechanical Ventilation | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.9 | 0.9 | 3.7 | * |
| Blood Gas Measurement | 14.1 | 15.7 | 34.8 | 43.3 | 51.3 | <0.001 |
| Supplemental Oxygen | 45.7 | 49.7 | 64.3 | 75.2 | 86.4 | <0.001 |
| APR-DRG Severity Subclass (major/extreme) | 7.6 | 6.6 | 19.8 | 24.5 | 29.8 | <0.001 |
| Management, % | ||||||
| Racemic Epinephrine | 16.9 | 41.9 | 48.8 | 51.2 | 61.3 | 0.002 |
| Albuterol | 52.5 | 55.2 | 74.9 | 84.0 | 85.9 | <0.001 |
| Corticosteroids | 15.7 | 16.1 | 27.5 | 27.3 | 28.3 | 0.006 |
| Continuous Nebulized Therapies | 5.5 | 13.3 | 22.2 | 25.8 | 33.0 | 0.002 |
| Intravenous Fluids | 52.8 | 53.5 | 70.0 | 69.9 | 79.1 | <0.001 |
| Intravenous Antibiotics | 23.8 | 18.7 | 30.0 | 40.2 | 48.2 | 0.006 |
| Chest Radiographs | 52.6 | 46.5 | 59.9 | 76.1 | 84.8 | 0.11 |
| Length of Stay (days), mean (SD) | 2.80 (2.52) | 2.42 (1.78) | 4.05 (2.63) | 7.05 (3.47) | 7.56 (3.33) | <0.001 |
*
P-value not calculated due to empty cells