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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Diabetes Complications. 2015 Feb 7;29(4):572–577. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.01.012

Table 1.

Participant characteristics in two diabetes samples^a

	U.S. (N=305) Mean (SD) or %	Canada (N=109) Mean (SD) or %	Sig. (p Value)
Age (years)	43.21 (15.06)	41.86 (13.03)	.41
Age at type 1 diagnosis	20.71 (13.37)	15.91 (9.08)	.001
Sex (% female)	55.4%	54.1%	.81
Education			<.001
% 11–12 years	2.6%	14.8%
% 13–16 years	48.8%	50.9%
% 17+ years	48.6%	34.2%
Ethnicity (% non-HispWhite)	82.2%	89.0%	.13
% married/living with partner	66.3%	79.8%	.04
Recent HbA1c			<.001
mmol/mol	58 (13.0)	64 (11.8)
%	7.5% (1.2)	8.0 (1.1)
Insulin method			.77
% Multiple daily injections	31.8%	30.3%
% Pump	68.2%	69.7%
BMI (kg/m²)	25.41 (4.28)	27.10 (5.97)	.002
PHQ-8 Total	4.52 (4.20)	4.55 (4.64)	.95
WHO-5 Index	14.07 (4.65)	13.98 (5.33)	.87
HSF II Total Score	17.38 (12.88)	18.82 (12.90)	.32
No. of complications	2.13 (2.57)	2.72 (2.80)	.04

^a

Chi-square and t tests, as appropriate.