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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Diabetes Complications. 2015 Feb 7;29(4):572–577. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.01.012

Table 3.

Subscale statistics (U.S./Canada)

Distress
Subscales		 Number
of items		 Reliability
α		 Mean (SD) Median Correlation
with Total
Distress
R 		9–Month
Test-Retest
Reliability
(U.S. subset)
Powerlessness 5 .87 / .87 2.84 (1.21) / 2.66 (1.26) 2.60 / 2.40 .84 / .89 .71
Negative Social Perceptions 4 .84 / .85 1.82 (1.01) / 1.97 (1.19) 1.50 / 1.50 .70 / .68 .71
Physician Distress 4 .82 / .77 1.33 (.62) / 1.32 (.63) 1.00 / 1.00 .42 / .60 .64
Friend/Family Distress 4 .80 / .76 1.49 (.69) / 1.62 (.81) 1.25 / 1.25 .66 / .62 .78
Hypoglycemia Distress 4 .79 / .75 1.98 (.97) / 1.91 (.91) 1.75 / 1.75 .64 /.71 .60
Management Distress 4 .76 / .81 1.99 (.91) / 1.87 (.94) 1.75 / 1.50 .68 / .68 .78
Eating Distress 3 .78 / .88 2.25 (1.08) / 2.34 (1.38) 2.00 / 1.67 .73 / .80 .69
Total Distress 28 .91 / .92 1.96 (.64) / 1.96 (.74) 1.86 / 1.71 .74