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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Diabetes Complications. 2015 Feb 7;29(4):572–577. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.01.012

Table 4.

Correlations with validity scales (U.S./Canada)

Distress Subscales	PHQ-8 r	No. Complications r	WHO-5 r	HbA1C r	Body Mass Index r	Hypoglycemia worry scale r
Powerlessness	.57^c / .60^c	.16^b /.15	−.44^c / −.41^c	.10 /.15	−.04 / .09	.57^c /.55^c
Negative social perceptions	.44^c /.39^c	.06 / −.03	−.36^c / −.38^c	−.02 /.11	.05 / −.03	.43^c /.59^c
Physician distress	.18^b /.30^b	.12^a / .07	−.17^b / −.14	.12^a /.25^b	.06 /.05	.20^c /.40^c
Family/friend distress	.42^c /.22^a	.18^a / −.02	−.26^c / −.35^c	.12^a / −.01	.09 /.08	.43^c /.32^b
Hypoglycemia distress	.43^c /.45^c	.25^c/.22^a	−.27^c / −.35^c	−.01 /.04	−.08 / .18	.68^c /.71^c
Management distress	.36^c /.49^c	.13^b /.23^a	−.29^c / −.31^b	.39^c /.58^c	.06 / .07	.31^c/.16
Eating distress	.47^c /.58^c	.18^b / .26^b	−.30^c / −.46^c	.17^b / .24^a	.25^c / .34^c	.34^c / .28^b
Total distress	.63^c /.63^c	.22^c /.18	−.46^c / −.50^c	.17^b /.26^b	.08 /.17	.64^c /.60^c

^a

p < .05,

^b

p < .01,

^c

p < .001