Table 3.
Prevalence and prevalence ratios for sustained, masked, white coat, and nocturnal hypertension comparing African American and White CARDIA participants
| White (n = 103) | African American (n = 178) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sustained hypertension | |||
| Prevalence, % | 1.9 | 3.4 | 0.72 |
| Prevalence ratio | |||
| Model 1 | 1 (ref.) | 2.21 (0.43,11.45) | 0.35 |
| Model 2 | 1 (ref.) | 3.19 (0.45, 22.82) | 0.25 |
| Masked hypertension | |||
| Prevalence, % | 2.1 | 4.4 | 0.49 |
| Prevalence ratio | |||
| Model 1 | 1 (ref.) | 2.15 (0.43, 10.78) | 0.35 |
| Model 2 | 1 (ref.) | 1.48 (0.25, 8.75) | 0.67 |
| White coat hypertension | |||
| Prevalence, % | 3.9 | 3.3 | 0.99 |
| Prevalence ratio | |||
| Model 1 | 1 (ref.) | 1.11 (0.30, 4.16) | 0.88 |
| Model 2 | 1 (ref.) | 1.55 (0.31, 7.73) | 0.59 |
| Nocturnal hypertension | |||
| Prevalence, % | 8.7 | 16.9 | 0.06 |
| Prevalence ratio | |||
| Model 1 | 1 (ref.) | 2.52 (1.12, 5.68) | 0.03 |
| Model 2 | 1 (ref.) | 2.39 (0.97, 5.88) | 0.06 |
| Model 2 + poor sleep qualitya | 1 (ref.) | 2.44 (0.99, 6.05) | 0.054 |
Model 1 includes adjustment for age and gender. Model 2 includes additional adjustment for education, physical activity, current smoking, body mass index, height, heart rate, diabetes mellitus, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Abbreviation: CARDIA, Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults.
aPoor sleep quality during ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.