Table 2.

Risk of AF with MAC

	MAC events/no. at risk	No MAC events/no. at risk	Model 1a HR (95% CI)	P-value	Model 2b HR (95% CI)	P-value	Interaction P-valuec
All participants	85/619	223/6022	2.0 (1.5, 2.6)	<0.0001	1.9 (1.5, 2.5)	<0.0001	–
Age, years
<65	4/95	56/3683	2.5 (0.90, 6.9)	0.081	1.3 (0.44, 3.7)	0.66	0.88
≥65	81/524	167/2339	2.4 (1.8, 3.1)	<0.0001	2.3 (1.8, 3.0)	<0.0001
Sex
Female	39/371	80/3140	2.1 (1.4, 3.2)	0.0004	1.9 (1.3, 2.9)	0.0023	0.79
Male	46/248	143/2882	1.9 (1.4, 2.8)	0.0002	1.9 (1.3, 2.7)	0.0004
Race
White	50/301	118/2248	1.8 (1.3, 2.5)	0.0012	1.7 (1.2, 2.4)	0.0034	0.33
Non-White	35/318	105/3774	2.4 (1.6, 3.6)	<0.0001	2.2 (1.5, 3.4)	<0.0001
Hypertension
No	15/195	66/3259	1.4 (0.75, 2.5)	0.32	1.4 (0.74, 2.5)	0.32	0.76
Yes	70/424	157/2763	2.2 (1.6, 2.9)	<0.0001	2.1 (1.6, 2.8)	<0.0001
Diabetes
No	66/483	191/5229	1.8 (1.4, 2.5)	<0.0001	1.8 (1.3, 2.4)	0.0002	0.36
Yes	19/136	32/793	3.3 (1.8, 6.1)	0.0001	3.2 (1.7, 6.0)	0.0003
Left atrial enlargement
No	61/470	176/5176	1.9 (1.4, 2.6)	<0.0001	1.8 (1.3, 2.5)	0.0001	0.75
Yes	24/149	47/846	2.2 (1.3, 3.7)	0.0045	2.2 (1.3, 3.9)	0.0034

AF, atrial fibrillation; CI, confidence interval; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; HR, hazard ratio; MAC, mitral annular calcium.

^aAdjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, and education.

^bAdjusted for Model 1 plus smoking status, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, body-mass index, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, antihypertensive and lipid-lowering medications, aspirin, hs-CRP, left ventricular hypertrophy, and left atrial enlargement.

^cInteractions tested using Model 2.