Table III.

 Association of Participant Characteristics With HELM Score

Participant Characteristic	Pearson Correlationa
Level of education	0.28, P<.001
Print literacy (REALM)	0.21, P<.001
Numeracy	0.17, P<.001
Patient activation measure	0.12, P=.015
Systolic blood pressure	−0.007, P=.88
Diastolic blood pressure	0.039, P=.44

Abbreviations: HELM, hypertension evaluation of lifestyle and management; REALM, Rapid Assessment of Adult Health Literacy in Medicine. ^aConstruct validity supported by positive Pearson correlation with measures of education, print literacy, numeracy (Schwartz numeracy items), and the Patient Activation Measure score. No significant correlation was found between knowledge and mean systolic or diastolic blood pressure.