Table 4.
The treatment of infected nonunion of tibia and femur by Ilizarov methods
| Author | Technique | PN | MA (years) | MBD (cm) | Site | Bone union (%) | Bone results (excellent/good/fair/poor) | Functional results (excellent/good/fair/poor) | Complications (per patient) | EFT (months) | EFI (M/cm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feng | RD, AT, BT (IEF) | 21 | 34.6 | 6.6 | Tibia | 21/21(100%) | 19/2/0/0(Paley) | __ | 0.4(8/12) | 9.8 | 1.48 |
| Arora | RD, AT, BT (MEF) | 15 | 29 | 7.9 | Femur | 15/15(100%) | 12/3/0/0(Arora) | 5/8/2/0(Arora) | 1.33(20/15) | 7.3 | 0.93 |
| Liu | RD, AT, BT (MEF), 5 F | 35 | 37.3 | 3.5 | Tibia | 35/35(100%) | 28/5/2/0(Paley) | 30/4/1/0(Paley) | 1.11(39/35) | 10.7 | 1.36 |
| Sala | RD, AT, BT (IEF/TSF) | 12 | 44 | 8 | Tibia | 12/12(100%) | 10/2/0/0(ASAMI) | 6/5/1/0(ASAMI) | 2.08(25/12) | 13.9 | 2.0 |
| Blum | RD, AT, BT (IEF) | 50 | 29.9 | 8.8 | Femur | 49/50(98%) | __ | __ | __ | 24.5 | 2.8 |
| Megas | RD, AT, CO, or ACL (IEF) | 9 | 39.7 | 5 | Tibia | 9/9(100%) | 5/4/0/0(Paley) | 3/4/2/0(Paley) | 1.44(13/9) | 7.83 | 1.07 |
| Bumbasirevic | RD, AT, BT (IEF) | 30 | 30.4 | 6.9 | Tibia | 29/30(97%) | 19/10/0/1(Paley) | 13/14/2/1(Paley) | 1.4(42/30) | 9.7 | 1.48 |
| Emara | RD, AT, BT (IEF), BG RD, AT, BT (IEF and IMN), BG | 33 | 29 | 6 | Tibia | 16/16(100%) | 15/1/0/0(ASAMI) | 12/1/3/0(ASAMI) | 0.4(6/16) | 8.5 3.1 | 1.5 |
| Tibia | 17/17(100%) | 17/0/0/0(ASAMI) | 13/2/2/0(ASAMI) | 0.12(2/17) | 0.55 | ||||||
| Madhusudhan | RD, AT, ACL (IEF) RD, AT, BT (IEF) | 22 | 37.2 | 4/5.4a | Tibia | 13/13(100%) | 4/3/4/2(ASAMI) | 1/3/6/2(ASAMI)* | 2.73 (60/22) | 9.3 8.5 | 2.33 |
| Tibia | 9/9(100%) | 0/3/4/2(ASAMI) | 0/1/3/2(ASAMI)** | 1.57 | |||||||
| Magadum | RD, ACL (IEF) | 27 | 39 | 10 | Tibia | 24/25(96%)*** | 19/5/0/1(ASAMI) | 15/8/1/1(ASAMI) | 1.16(29/25) | 10.2 | 1.02 |
| Krishnan | RD, AT, BT, or ACL (IEF) | 20 | 38.4 | 6 | Femur | 19/20(95%) | 13/4/1/1(ASAMI) One amputation | 3/9/3/4(ASAMI) One amputation | 3.55(71/20) | 7.8 | 1.28 |
| Sadiris | RD, AT, ACL, or BT (IEF) | 13 | 34.6 | 8.3 | Femur | 13/13(100%) | 8/4/1/0(Paley) | 3/4/4/2(Paley) | 0.76(10/13) | 10.33 | 1.24 |
| Abdel-Aal | RD, BT (IEF) | 9 | 30.66 | 10.7 | Tibia | 9/9(100%) | __ | __ | 1.22(11/9) | 12.78 | 1.22 |
| MaHale | RD, AT, BT, or ACL or CO (IEF) | 10 | 31 | __ | Tibia | 10/10(100%) | __ | __ | __ | 9.0 | __ |
| Arora | RD, BT, or CO (IEF) | 46 | 35 | 6 | Tibia/Femur | 44/46(95.4%) | __ | 15/16/13/2(Paley) | 0.74(34/46) | 8.7 | 1.33 |
| Atesalp | RD, AT, BT (IEF), 3 F | 14 | 25 | 4.4 | Tibia | 13/14(92.9%) | __ | __ | 1.21(17/14) | 6.8 | 1.55 |
| Barbarossa | RD, AT, BT (IEF) | 23 | 40.7 | 6.2 | Tibia | 20/23(87%) | 8/8/2/4(ASAMI) One amputation | 2/10/6/4(ASAMI) One amputation | 3.35(77/23) | __ | __ |
| Maini | RD, AT, BT (IEF) | 15 | 27.4 | 7 | Tibia/Femur | 15/15(100%) | 7/3/0/5(ASAMI) | 4/7/1/3(ASAMI) | 2.06(31/15) | __ | __ |
| Laursen | RD, AT, BT, or CO (IEF) | 9 | 25.78 | 4.89 | Tibia | 9/9(100%) | __ | __ | 1.56(14/9) | 6.7 | __ |
| Ring | RD, BT, or ACL or CO (IEF),3 F | 10 | 34 | 4.3 | Tibia | 9/10(90%) | __ | __ | 1.8(18/10) | 6.9 | __ |
| Hosny | RD, BT, or CO (IEF), 3AT | 11 | 27 | 3.7 | Tibia | 11/11(100%) | __ | 5/3/2/1(Cattaneo) | 1.27(14/11) | 8.5 | 2.3 |
| Dendrinos | RD, BT (IEF) | 28 | 37 | 6 | Tibia | 25/28(89%) | 14/8/1/5(ASAMI) | 7/11/4/5(ASAMI) One amputation | 2.5(70/28) | 10 | 1.67 |
ACL acute compression and lengthening, ASAMI Association for the Study of the Method of Ilizarov, AT antibiotics treatment, BG bone graft, BT bone transport, CO compression osteosynthesis, EFI external fixation index, EFT external fixation time, F flaps, IEF Ilizarov external fixator, IMN intramedullary nailing, MA mean age, MBD mean bone defects, MFU mean follow-up, MEF monolateral external fixator, PN patient number, RD radical debridement, TSF Taylor Spatial Frame.
*1 patient lost for follow-up.
**3 patients were unable to evaluate.
***2 patients lost for follow-up.
aThe study included two groups, the mean bone defects is 4 cm in one group, and 5.4 cm in another group.
__ The data were not reported in the studies.