Table 1.
Demographic, military, and clinical characteristics.
| Improved sleep (n = 46) | Non-improved sleep (n = 22) | x2/t | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age: mean (SD) | 33.5 (7.5) | 34.3 (8.7) | 0.358 | 0.722 |
| Males: n (%) | 45 (97.8) | 21 (95.5) | 0.293 | 0.546 |
| Race: n (%) | 3.663 | 0.056 | ||
| Caucasian | 32 (69.6) | 10 (45.5) | ||
| All others | 14 (30.4) | 12 (54.5) | ||
| Education in years: mean (SD) | 14.0 (2.1) | 13.4 (1.3) | −1.202 | 0.234 |
| Rank: n (%) | 5.921 | 0.015 | ||
| Lower | 26 (56.5) | 19 (86.4) | ||
| Senior or Officer | 20 (43.5) | 3 (13.6) | ||
| Front line military exposure: n (%) | 17 (37.0) | 9 (40.9) | 0.098 | 0.754 |
| Number of deployments: n (%) | 0.718 | 0.397 | ||
| 1 or 2 | 30 (65.2) | 12 (54.5) | ||
| 3 or more | 16 (34.8) | 10 (45.5) | ||
| Time since deployment: n (%) | 0.729 | 0.393 | ||
| <6 months | 14 (30.4) | 9 (40.9) | ||
| >6 months | 32 (69.6) | 13 (59.1) | ||
| BMI: mean (SD) | 30.2 (4.3) | 30.5 (3.4) | 0.330 | 0.743 |
| Medication use: n (%) | 16 (34.8) | 11 (50.0) | 1.440 | 0.230 |
| OSA diagnosis: n (%) | 12 (26.1) | 5 (22.7) | 0.090 | 0.765 |
| TBI diagnosis: n (%) | 18 (39.1) | 9 (40.9) | 0.020 | 0.888 |
| Probable depression diagnosis: n (%) | 21 (45.7) | 11 (50.0) | 0.113 | 0.737 |
| Probable PTSD diagnosis: n (%) | 11 (23.9) | 8 (36.4) | 1.146 | 0.284 |
BMI, body mass index; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; PTSD, posttraumatic stress disorder; TBI, traumatic brain injury.
Fisher’s exact test was used when expected cell counts were <5.