Table 2.
Arrest and hospital characteristics according to dextrose administration
| Characteristic | Received dextrose during cardiac arrest | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | ||
| (n = 95,856) | (n = 4,173) | ||
| Location and time of the arrest, number (percentage) | |||
| Location | <0.001 | ||
| Floor without telemetry | 15,855 (16.6) | 1,025 (24.6) | |
| Floor with telemetry | 16,710 (17.4) | 730 (17.5) | |
| Intensive care unit | 45,011 (47.0) | 1,597 (38.3) | |
| Emergency department | 10,363 (10.8) | 544 (13.0) | |
| Other | 6,974 (7.6) | 276 (6.6) | |
| Time of day | <0.001 | ||
| Day (7 a.m. -10:59 p.m.) | 63,897 (67.6) | 2,666 (64.5) | |
| Night (11 p.m.-6:59 a.m.) | 30,673 (32.4) | 1,467 (35.5) | |
| Time of week, number (percentage) | 0.30 | ||
| Weekday (Monday-Friday) | 65,269 (68.8) | 2,818 (68.0) | |
| Weekend (Saturday-Sunday) | 29,642 (31.2) | 1,326 (32.0) | |
| Hospital-wide response called, number (percentage) | 76,720 (80.0) | 3,361 (80.5) | 0.40 |
| Characteristic of the arrest | |||
| Monitoring, number (percentage) | 78,166 (81.6) | 3,053 (73.2) | <0.001 |
| Witnessed, number (percentage) | 78,262 (81.7) | 3,050 (73.1) | <0.001 |
| First rhythm shockable (VT or VF), number (percentage) | 18,340 (20.3) | 517 (13.0) | <0.001 |
| Mechanical ventilation in place, number (percentage) | 27,928 (29.1) | 1,103 (26.4) | <0.001 |
| Airway inserted during event, number (percentage) | 51,028 (53.3) | 2,680 (64.2) | <0.001 |
| Presumed cause(s) of arrest, number (percentage) | |||
| Arrhythmia | 56,147 (58.9) | 2,215 (53.4) | <0.001 |
| Hypotension/Hypoperfusion | 37,571 (39.4) | 1,596 (38.5) | 0.22 |
| Active/Evolving MI | 8,919 (9.4) | 270 (6.5) | <0.001 |
| Acute respiratory insufficiency | 37,064 (38.9) | 1,670 (40.3) | 0.08 |
| Metabolic/Electrolyte abnormality | 10,809 (11.4) | 860 (20.7) | <0.001 |
| Other | 7,619 (8.0) | 345 (8.3) | 0.46 |
| Unknown | 10,340 (10.9) | 578 (13.9) | <0.001 |
| Downtime in minutes, median (IQR) | 12 (6–21) | 18 (10–27) | <0.001 |
| Medications given during the event, number (percentage) | |||
| Amiodarone | 14,806 (15.5) | 703 (16.9) | 0.01 |
| Epinephrine | 84,336 (88.0) | 4,019 (96.3) | <0.001 |
| Atropine | 67,947 (70.9) | 3,490 (83.6) | <0.001 |
| Magnesium sulfate | 7,156 (7.5) | 567 (13.6) | <0.001 |
| Lidocaine | 10,152 (10.6) | 381 (9.1) | 0.003 |
| Sodium bicarbonate | 43,775 (45.7) | 3,111 (74.6) | <0.001 |
| Fluid bolus | 28,011 (29.2) | 1,452 (34.7) | <0.001 |
| Calcium chloride/gluconate | 20,188 (21.1) | 1,955 (46.9) | <0.001 |
| Norepinephrine | 12,500 (13.0) | 675 (16.2) | <0.001 |
| Dopamine | 23,078 (24.1) | 1,037 (24.1) | 0.25 |
| Hospital characteristics, number (percentage) | |||
| Bed size | <0.001 | ||
| 1-249 | 23,450 (24.2) | 908 (21.7) | |
| 250-499 | 44,001 (45.9) | 1,836 (44.0) | |
| 500+ | 28,408 (29.6) | 1,429 (34.1) | |
| Teaching status | <0.001 | ||
| Major | 25,246 (26.3) | 1,527 (36.6) | |
| Minor | 33,930 (35.3) | 1,162 (27.7) | |
| Non-teaching | 36,680 (38.2) | 1,484 (35.4) | |
| Ownership | <0.001 | ||
| Private | 12,247 (12.8) | 540 (12.9) | |
| Government | 14,407 (15.0) | 899 (21.5) | |
| Non-profit | 69,202 (72.2) | 2,734 (65.5) | |
| Location | <0.001 | ||
| Rural | 6,274 (6.5) | 216 (5.2) | |
| Urban | 89,582 (93.5) | 3,957 (94.8) | |
| Geographical location | <0.001 | ||
| North-East | 10,484 (10.9) | 491 (11.7) | |
| South-East | 26,019 (27.1) | 1,125 (26.9) | |
| Mid-West | 23,539 (21.0) | 1,099 (26.9) | |
| South-West | 19,998 (20.9) | 864 (21.4) | |
| West | 15,816 (16.5) | 564 (13.5) | |
IQR, interquartile range; PEA, pulseless electrical activity; VF, ventricular fibrillation; VT, ventricular tachycardia.