Table 4.
Percentage prevalence of CVD risk factors and accessibility of CVD risks screening across subgroups of geographical location, average daily income and level of education among study population
| A: CVD risk factors | ↑TG (95% CI) | ↑CHOL (95% CI) | Obese (BMI) (95% CI) | ↓HDL (95% CI) | Prediabetes (95% CI) | Diabetes (95% CI) | Hypertension (95% CI) | Obese (WC) (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Geographical location | Abbi | 32.7 (22.7-42.2) | 51.8 (41.4-61.3) | 8.2 (2.7-12.7) | 19.1 (12.7-26.4) | 6.4 (2.3-10.9) | 10.9 (5.5-16.4) | 37.3 (28.2-47.3) | 51.8 (41.8-61.8) |
| Kwale | 19.5 (13.8-25.9) | 34.8 (27.4-42.9) | 14.0 (9.1-19.2) | 17.1 (11.0-23.2) | 3.7 (1.2-6.7) | 1.8 (0.0-4.3) | 23.2 (16.8-29.9) | 40.2 (32.3-48.2) | |
| Lagos | 19.6 (12.0-28.7) | 29.3 (19.7-40.2) | 17.4 (9.8-26.1) | 17.4 (9.8-26.1) | 4.3 (1.1-8.7) | 5.4 (1.1-9.8) | 53.3 (43.0-64.1) | 72.8 (63.0-81.5) | |
| Average daily income (US$) | Low income | 28.4 (18.9-39.2) | 45.9 (33.8-58.1) | 17.6 (8.9-27.0) | 14.9 (8.1-23.0) | 8.1 (2.7-14.9) | 4.1 (0.0-8.1) | 54.1 (41.9-66.2) | 81.1 971.6-89.8) |
| Low-middle income | 29.8 (17.0-44.7) | 44.7 (31.9-57.4) | 21.3 (10.6-34.0) | 19.1 (8.5-31.9) | 2.1 (0.0-6.4) | 6.4 (0.0-14.9) | 46.8 (31.9-59.6) | 66.0 (51.1-78.7) | |
| Upper-middle income | 17.6 (0.0-35.3) | 35.3 (11.8-52.9) | 11.8 (0.0-29.4) | 11.8 (0.0-29.4) | 11.8 (0.0-29.4) | 0.0 | 52.9 (29.4-76.5) | 47.1 (23.5-67.1) | |
| High income | 44.4 (19.9-66.7) | 38.9 (16.7-61.1) | 16.7 (0.0-33.3) | 33.3 (11.1-55.6) | 0.0 | 22.2 (5.6-38.9) | 33.3 (11.1-55.6) | 83.3 (64.4-100) | |
| Education completed | No formal education and Less than primary education | 40.8 (26.5-55.9) | 69.4 (57.1-82.5) | 10.2 (2.0-20.4) | 12.2 (4.1-21.3) | 2.0 (0.0-6.1) | 6.1 (0.0-14.3) | 59.2 (46.9-73.5) | 71.4 (57.1-83.7) |
| Primary education | 16.0 (11.2-21.7) | 29.7 (22.6-36.6) | 10.3 (6.3-15.4) | 16.6 (10.9-22.3) | 4.0 (1.7-7.1) | 4.6 (1.7-8.2) | 24.6 (17.5-31.4) | 41.1 (34.3-48.6) | |
| Secondary education | 19.3 (10.9-27.3) | 31.8 (22.3-42.0) | 12.5 (5.7-19.3) | 21.6 (12.5-31.2) | 6.8 (2.3-12.5) | 6.8 (2.3-12.5) | 34.1 (23.9-44.3) | 53.4 (43.2-63.6) | |
| University and Postgraduate | 39.6 (26.4-52.8) | 50.9 (37.7-63.0) | 24.5 (13.2-35.8) | 18.9 (8.7-30.2) | 5.7 (0.0-13.2) | 5.7 (0.0-12.1) | 47.2 (33.2-60.4) | 66.0 (52.8-79.2) | |
| B: History of CVD risk screening | Ever had BP measured? | Ever had BG measured? | Ever had CHOL measured? | ||||||
| Yes (95% CI) | No (95% CI) | Yes (95% CI) | No (95% CI) | Yes (95% CI) | No (95% CI) | ||||
| Geographical location | Abbi | 45.5 (37.5-53.1) | 54.2 (46.9-62.5) | 18.9 (12.6-24.8) | 81.1 (75.2-87.4) | 3.5 (0.7-6.3) | 96.5 (93.7-99.3) | ||
| Kwale | 32.4 (25.3-39.2) | 67.6 (60.8-74.7) | 11.9 (7.4-17.0) | 88.1 (83.0-92.6) | 1.7 (0.0-3.6) | 98.3 (96.4-100) | |||
| Lagos | 72.9 (64.6-81.3) | 27.1 (18.8-35.4) | 36.5 (27.1-44.8) | 63.5 (55.2-72.9) | 8.3 (3.1-14.6) | 91.7 (85.4-96.9) | |||
| Average daily income (US$) | Low income | 61.3 (50.0-70.5) | 38.8 (29.5-50.0) | 27.5 (18.8-37.5) | 72.5 (62.5-81.3) | 5.0 (1.3-10.0) | 95.0 (90.0-100) | ||
| Low-middle income | 72.7 (60.0-83.6) | 27.3 (16.4-40.0) | 30.9 (18.2-42.6) | 69.1 (57.4-81.8) | 9.1 (1.8-18.2) | 90.9 (81.8-98.2) | |||
| Upper-middle income | 83.3 (66.7-100) | 16.7 (0.0-33.3) | 33.3 (16.7-55.6) | 66.7 (44.4-83.3) | 5.6 (0.0-16.7) | 94.4 (83.3-100) | |||
| High income | 100.0 | 0.0 | 57.9 (34.7-78.9) | 42.1 (21.1-65.2) | 5.3 (0.0-15.8) | 94.7 (84.2-100) | |||
| Education completed | No formal education and Less than primary education | 48.3 (35.5-62.1) | 51.7 (37.9-64.5) | 20.7 (10.3-31.0) | 79.3 (69.0-89.7) | 5.2 (0.0-12.1) | 94.8 (87.9-100) | ||
| Primary education | 30.1 (23.5-36.7) | 69.9 (63.3-76.5) | 13.8 (8.7-18.4) | 86.2 (81.6-91.3) | 1.5 (0.0-3.6) | 98.5 (96.4-100) | |||
| Secondary education | 56.4 (45.5-66.3) | 43.6 (33.7-54.5) | 22.8 (14.9-32.7) | 77.2 (67.3-85.1) | 5.0 (1.0-9.9) | 95.0 (90.1-99.0) | |||
| University and Postgraduate | 79.7 (69.5-89.8) | 20.3 (10.2-30.5) | 35.6 (23.7-48.2) | 64.4 (51.8-76.3) | 8.5 (1.7-16.0) | 91.5 (84.0-98.3) | |||
BP = blood pressure, BG = blood glucose, CHOL = cholesterol.
TG = triglycerides, CHOL = total cholesterol, BMI = body mass index, HDL = high density lipoprotein cholesterol, PD = prediabetes, DB = diabetes, HYP = hypertension, WC = waist circumference, ↑ = hyper, ↓ = low.