Table 4.
Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for advanced prostate cancer according to quartiles of estimated phytanic acid intake, stratified by selected factors. The ATBC Study, 1985–2006.
| Quartiles of intake
|
p trend | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||
| Age, years | |||||
| <57 | 44 | 54 | 51 | 32 | |
| Multivariate1 RR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 1.25 (0.84–1.86) | 1.46 (0.96–2.21) | 1.14 (0.69–1.88) | 0.31 |
| ≥57 | 42 | 72 | 63 | 80 | |
| Multivariate1 RR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 1.61 (1.10–2.35) | 1.24 (0.83–1.85) | 1.54 (1.02–2.32) | 0.11 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | |||||
| <25 | 30 | 55 | 37 | 44 | |
| Multivariate1 RR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 1.62 (1.04–2.54) | 0.99 (0.60–1.62) | 1.19 (0.72–1.99) | 0.91 |
| 25–29.9 | 42 | 53 | 57 | 55 | |
| Multivariate1 RR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 1.28 (0.86–1.93) | 1.50 (1.00–2.26) | 1.58 (1.01–2.47) | 0.03 |
| ≥30 | 13 | 18 | 20 | 13 | |
| Multivariate1 RR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 1.52 (0.74–3.12) | 1.87 (0.91–3.81) | 1.48 (0.64–3.40) | 0.22 |
| Alcohol, g/day | |||||
| <11 | 40 | 51 | 52 | 65 | |
| Multivariate1 RR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 1.12 (0.74–1.69) | 1.04 (.0.69–1.59) | 1.25 (0.82–1.92) | 0.37 |
| ≥11 | 37 | 63 | 48 | 34 | |
| Multivariate1 RR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 1.80 (1.20–2.71) | 1.60 (1.03–2.48) | 1.60 (0.95–2.69) | 0.05 |
| Fruits and vegetables, g/day | |||||
| <211 | 28 | 46 | 52 | 74 | |
| Multivariate1 RR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 1.50 (0.94–2.40) | 1.41 (0.88–2.26) | 1.77 (1.11–2.85) | 0.03 |
| ≥211 | 58 | 80 | 62 | 38 | |
| Multivariate1 RR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 1.40 (1.00–1.97) | 1.28 (0.88–1.84) | 1.07 (0.69–1.67) | 0.54 |
| Vitamin E trial intervention group | |||||
| No | 50 | 69 | 67 | 56 | |
| Multivariate1 RR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 1.34 (0.93–1.93) | 1.29 (0.89–1.88) | 1.13 (0.75–1.72) | 0.51 |
| Yes | 36 | 57 | 47 | 56 | |
| Multivariate1 RR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 1.56 (1.03–2.37) | 1.33 (0.85–2.07) | 1.75 (1.10–2.78) | 0.04 |
| β-Carotene trial intervention group | |||||
| No | 46 | 59 | 50 | 47 | |
| Multivariate1 RR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 1.20 (0.82–1.77) | 1.07 (0.71–1.62) | 1.09 (0.69–1.71) | 0.79 |
| Yes | 40 | 67 | 64 | 65 | |
| Multivariate1 RR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 1.09 (0.69–1.71) | 1.59 (1.06–2.38) | 1.74 (1.13–2.68) | 0.02 |
| Serum α-tocopherol, mg/L | |||||
| <11.6 | 29 | 62 | 69 | 76 | |
| Multivariate1 RR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 1.19 (0.76–1.85) | 1.10 (0.70–1.73) | 1.15 (0.71–1.85) | 0.71 |
| ≥11.6 | 57 | 64 | 45 | 36 | |
| Multivariate1 RR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 1.48 (1.04–2.12) | 1.31 (0.88–1.94) | 1.37 (0.87–2.14) | 0.13 |
| Serum β-carotene, μg/L | |||||
| <172 | 50 | 59 | 49 | 47 | |
| Multivariate1 RR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 1.37 (0.94, 1.99) | 1.11 (0.75, 1.67) | 1.19 (0.77–1.84) | 0.53 |
| ≥172 | 36 | 67 | 65 | 65 | |
| Multivariate1 RR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 1.54 (1.03–2.31) | 1.57 (1.03–2.39) | 1.67 (1.07–2.62) | 0.03 |
1
Adjusted for age, energy intake, smoking dose and duration, trial intervention assignment, education level, and dietary fat intake