Table 2.

Adjusted associations of clinical characteristics with presence of low ABI and high ABI, among individuals without traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors.

Risk factors	Low ABI		High ABI
	OR (95%CI)	p	OR (95%CI)	p
Age (10 years)	1.06 (0.86, 1.30)	0.59	0.99 (0.80, 1.23)	0.95
Male gender	0.35 (0.23, 0.54)	<0.001	3.01 (1.99, 4.56)	<0.001
Race/ethnicity
NHW	Ref.		Ref.
Black	2.02 (1.33, 3.08)	0.001	0.61 (0.36, 1.02)	0.06
Hispanic	0.42 (0.22, 0.78)	0.006	0.90 (0.54, 1.51)	0.69
Chinese	1.04 (0.58, 1.86)	0.90	0.54 (0.27, 1.10)	0.09
High-school graduation	0.74 (0.43, 1.26)	0.27	1.62 (0.77, 3.41)	0.21
Low income	0.89 (0.58, 1.37)	0.59	0.73 (0.42, 1.27)	0.27
Past smoking^a	1.39 (0.97, 1.97)	0.07	1.07 (0.74, 1.54)	0.71
Total/HDL-cholesterol	0.95 (0.76, 1.18)	0.64	0.83 (0.65, 1.06)	0.14
Blood glucose (ln mg/dL)	1.55 (0.29, 8.18)	0.61	0.95 (0.16, 5.57)	0.96
BMI (/m/kg²)	0.98 (0.95, 1.02)	0.44	1.07 (1.03, 1.12)	0.001
Pulse pressure (/10mmHg)	1.18 (0.99, 1.39)	0.06	0.88 (0.72, 1.08)	0.96
CRP (ln mg/L)	1.04 (0.87, 1.23)	0.69	0.89 (0.73, 1.08)	0.23
IL-6 (ln pg/mL)	1.42 (1.06, 1.91)	0.02	1.15 (0.84, 1.58)	0.38
GFR (/10 mL/min/1.73m²)	0.88 (0.78, 0.99)	0.04	0.91 (0.79, 1.04)	0.17

Each model is a logistic regression (one model for low ABI relative to normal ABI; and one model for high ABI relative to normal) including all indicated variables.

Past smoking refers to any smoking prior to 10 years previous. Other smokers who stopped smoking were excluding from the study population, along with the current smokers.