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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Apr 30.
Published in final edited form as: Atherosclerosis. 2010 Oct 21;214(1):169–173. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.10.011

Table 3.

Associations of the ankle-brachial index categories with the presence of coronary artery calcium and carotid plaque.

Unadjusted
 Model 1
 Model 2
RR (95% CI) p RR (95% CI) p RR (95% CI) p
Coronary artery calcium
Normal ABI Ref. Ref. Ref.
Low ABI (≤1.00) 1.30 (1.07, 1.57) 0.008 1.21 (1.03, 1.41) 0.019 1.19 (1.02, 1.39) 0.026
High ABI (≥1.30) 1.32 (1.08, 1.62) 0.008 1.07 (0.90, 1.27) 0.429 1.10 (0.93, 1.30) 0.280
Carotid plaque
Normal ABI Ref. Ref. Ref.
Low ABI (≤ 1.00) 1.26 (0.99, 1.59) 0.06 1.09 (0.86, 1.39) 0.46 1.04 (0.84, 1.30) 0.70
High ABI (≥1.30) 0.97 (0.72, 1.30) 0.82 0.91 (0.70, 1.20) 0.51 0.93 (0.71, 1.20) 0.56

Model 1 is adjusted for age, sex and ethnicity. Model 2 is additionally adjusted for past smoking, high school graduation, pulse pressure, GFR, BMI, cholesterol to HDL ratio, and IL-6.