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. 2015 Apr 7;45:167–175. doi: 10.1515/hukin-2015-0017

Table 2.

Standard joint positions for measurements of maximal muscle torques

Measured muscle group Measurement position Angles in the joints between adjacent segments
τmax FLX and EXT SJ standing SJ - 0 Inline graphic EJ - 0 Inline graphic WJ - 0 Inline graphic
τmax FLX and EXT EJ standing SJ - 0 Inline graphic EJ - 90 Inline graphic Inline graphic(flex) WJ - 0 Inline graphic
τmax FLX and EXT HJ supine HJ - 90 Inline graphic Inline graphic(flex) KJ - 90 Inline graphic Inline graphic(flex) AJ - 0 Inline graphic
τmax FLX and EXT KJ Sitting HJ - 90 Inline graphic Inline graphic(flex) KJ - 90 Inline graphic Inline graphic(flex) AJ - 0 Inline graphic
τmax FLX and EXT TR Sitting HJ - 90 Inline graphic Inline graphic(flex) KJ - 90 Inline graphic Inline graphic(flex) AJ - 0 Inline graphic

FLX – flexors, EXT – extensors, SJ – shoulder joint, EJ – elbow joint, WJ – radiocarpal (wrist) joint, HJ – hip joint, KJ – knee joint, AJ – ankle joint TR – trunk, Angle 0º, 90º– Angles between neighboring body segments in measurement positions. According to judo match evaluators mentioned above, the muscles which were mostly engaged in the Seoi-nage throw were SJ FLX, TR EXT, EJ FLX, HJ EXT, KJ EXT, and TR FLX.