Table 1.
Baseline characteristics for B-PROOF participants with DXA at baseline and follow-up (N = 1111) and for participants with QUS at baseline and follow-up (n = 1165)
| BMD | QUS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Intervention | Placebo | Intervention | |
| N = 563 | N = 548 | N = 587 | N = 578 | |
| Age (years)a | 72.8 (5.4) | 72.4 (5.6) | 73.3 (73.3) | 73.4 (73.4) |
| Sex (% female) | 48.3 | 48.2 | 57.4 | 53.8 |
| Hcy (µmol/L)b | 14.3 [12.9–16.3] | 14.3 [12.9–16.0] | 14.3 [12.9–16.4] | 14.2 [13.0–16.1] |
| Creatinine (µmol/L)b | 80 [71–93] | 82 [71–93] | 79 [70–92] | 82 [70–93] |
| Folate (nmol/L)b | 19.1 [14.8–25.4] | 19.8 [15.4–24.8] | 19.1 [14.8–24.5] | 18.9 [15.6–24.6] |
| B12 (pmol/L)b | 269 [204–343] | 286 [218–348] | 268 [204–352] | 270 [216–346.3] |
| Methylmalonic acid (µmol/L)b | 0.21 [0.17–0.29] | 0.21 [0.17–0.28] | 0.22 [0.18–0.30] | 0.23 [0.18–0.30] |
| Holotranscobalamin (pmol/L)b | 65 [47–88]* | 70 [50–91]* | 65 [45–85] | 66 [49–88] |
| Vitamin D (25OH) (nmol/L)b | 52.6 [37.1–70.3] | 53.3 [37.2–73.0] | 55.7 [39.2–72.4] | 56.0 [37.4–75.1] |
| MTHFR-genotype (%) | ||||
| CC | 43.1 | 47.9 | 43.2 | 47.4 |
| CT | 41.9 | 40.1 | 46.3 | 39.2 |
| TT | 15.0 | 12.0 | 10.5 | 13.4 |
| Height (cm)a | 169.9 (8.9) | 170.4 (9.0) | 168.5 (8.8) | 168.9 (9.2) |
| Weight (kg)a | 77.7 (12.9) | 78.5 (13.0) | 76.7 (12.2) | 76.6 (12.5) |
| BMI (kg/m2)a | 26.9 (3.9) | 27 (3.8) | 27.0 (3.9) | 26.8 (3.8) |
| Smoking status (%) | ||||
| Current | 8.7 | 8.4 | 7.5 | 10.0 |
| Former | 58.6 | 56.9 | 55.2 | 56.2 |
| Never | 32.7 | 34.7 | 37.3 | 33.7 |
| Alcohol consumption (%) | ||||
| No/light | 62.9 | 64.4 | 64.9 | 67.3 |
| Moderate | 31.8 | 31.2 | 30.7 | 28.4 |
| Excessive | 4.8 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 3.5 |
| Very excessive | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.9 |
| Level of education (%) | ||||
| Low | 54.8 | 52.2 | 53.6 | 52.6 |
| Middle | 19.9 | 18.8 | 22.2 | 20.4 |
| High | 25.3 | 29.0 | 24.2 | 27.0 |
| Study center (%) | ||||
| VUmc | 35.7 | 32.5 | 35.4 | 36.2 |
| Wageningen UR | – | – | 20.4 | 21.1 |
| Erasmus MC | 64.3 | 67.5 | 44.1 | 42.7 |
| Users of folic acid and/or vit. B12 (%) | 17.1 | 14.6 | 17.4 | 14.4 |
| Osteoporotic medication use (%) | 6.4 | 7.5 | 8.9 | 10.4 |
| Positive fracture history (%) | 41.4 | 39.1 | 45.0* | 35.3* |
| FN-BMD (g/cm2)a | 0.84 (0.15) | 0.85 (0.17) | – | – |
| T-score FN-BMDa | −1.23 (0.93) | −1.15 (1.04) | – | – |
| LS-BMD (g/cm2)a | 1.11 (0.22)* | 1.14 (0.25)* | – | – |
| T-score LS-BMDa | −0.3 (1.7) | −0.1 (1.9) | – | – |
| BUA (dB/MHz)a | – | – | 70.9 (16.8) | 71.8 (17.6) |
| SOS (m/s)a | – | – | 1537 (31) | 1539 (33) |
BMD bone mineral density, QUS quantitative ultrasound, BMI body mass index, FN femoral neck, LS lumbar spine, MTHFR methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
* p-value < 0.05
aPresented as mean (standard deviation)
bPresented as median [interquartile range]