Table 4.
Independent risk factors for newborn deaths (still births plus neonatal deaths) for newborns whose mothers had obstetric complications
| Characteristic | Still births and neonatal deaths (n = 626) | Near miss and Ωothers (n = 1516) | Crude risk ratios and 95% CI | p-values | Adjusted risk ratios and 95% CI | p-values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ∞Severe maternal outcome | ||||||
| Yes | 393 (62.8) | 305 (20.1) | 6.70 (5.45–8.22) | <0.001 | 2.87 (4.52–7.19) | <0.001 |
| No | 233 (37.2) | 1211 (79.9) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Age category | ||||||
| 18 years or less | 53 (8.5) | 130 (8.6) | Ref | Ref | ||
| 19–24 years | 221 (35.3) | 632 (41.7) | 0.85 (0.60–1.22) | 0.396 | 0.93 (0.60–1.45) | 0.747 |
| >24 years | 352 (56.2) | 754 (49.7) | 1.14 (0.81–1.61) | 0.440 | 1.04 (0.64–1.70) | 0.874 |
| Gravidity | ||||||
| 1 | 167 (26.7) | 535 (35.3) | Ref | Ref | ||
| 2–4 | 300 (47.9) | 751 (49.5) | 1.29 (1.03–1.58) | 0.028 | 1.31(0.97–1.76) | 0.074 |
| 5 and more | 159 (25.4) | 230 (15.2) | 2.21 (1.70–2.89) | <0.001 | 2.06 (1.36–3.12) | 0.001 |
| Employment status | ||||||
| Formal | 50 (8.0) | 160 (10.6) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Informal | 215 (34.3) | 467 (30.8) | 1.47 (1.03–2.10) | 0.033 | 0.99 (0.60–1.60) | 0.832 |
| Unemployed | 360 (57.5) | 887 (58.6) | 1.30 (0.92–1.82) | 0.132 | 0.97 (0.60–1.55) | 0.931 |
| Ω Education level | ||||||
| None or primary l | 283 (45.7) | 589 (38.9) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Secondary level | 732 (48.3) | 0.82 (0.68–1.02) | 0.054 | 0.92 (0.71–1.18) | 0.548 | |
| Post-secondary | 290 (46.3) | 183 (12.1) | 0.48 (0.41–0.55) | <0.001 | 0.56 (0.34–0.90) | 0.021 |
| 50 (8.0) | ||||||
| Referral status | 0.002 | |||||
| Referred | 446 (71.2) | 972 (64.1) | 0.72 (0.59–0.88) | 0.51–0.85 | 0.002 | |
| Not Referred | 180 (28.8) | 544 (35.9) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Timing of complications | ||||||
| Occurred before admission | 296 (47.3) | 863 (56.9) | Ref | Ref | ||
| £New complications developed | 210 (33.5) | 330 (21.8) | 1.12 (1.00–1.26) | <0.001 | 0. 95 (0.72–1.25) | 0.719 |
| Complications occurred during hospitalization | ||||||
| 120 (19.2) | 323 (21.3) | 0.80 (0.45–1.07) | 0.074 | 0.76 (0.56–1.02) | 0.070 |
∞Severe maternal outcomes include maternal deaths and maternal near miss cases.
ΩNeonatal near miss cases and newborns with minimal or no neonatal complications.
CI Confidence intervals; £New complications occurred after admission.