TABLE 2.

Mutation rates expressed as substitutions per nucleotide per cell infection (in viruses) and mutations per cell division (in eukaryotes–yeast, tumor and normal cells).

Group	μ	Reference
dsRNA (Retroviruses)
Murine leukemia virus	3.0 × 10–5	Sanjuán et al. (2010)
Human T-Cell leukemia virus	1.6 × 10–5	Sanjuán et al. (2010)
type 1 (HTLV1)
Bovine leukemia virus	1.7 × 10–5	Sanjuán et al. (2010)
Human immunodeficiency virus	2.4 × 10–5	Sanjuán et al. (2010)
type 1 (HIV1)
Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)	1.4 × 10–4	Sanjuán et al. (2010)
Spleen necrosis virus (SNV)	3.7 × 10–5	Sanjuán et al. (2010)
dsDNA
Herpes simplex virus type 1	5.9 × 10–8	Sanjuán et al. (2010)
Bacteriophage T2	9.8 × 10–8	Sanjuán et al. (2010)
Yeast
MSH2 WT	4.8 × 10–10	Lang et al. (2013)
MSH2 null (repair deficient)	7.1 × 10–8	Lang et al. (2013)
Tumor cells
MM96L (melanoma)	2.1 × 10–7	Musk et al. (1996)
Normal cells	5 × 10–11	Drake et al. (1998)