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. 2015 May 1;9:168. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00168

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Copyright © 2015 Liu, Zhang, Liu, Luo, Zhang, Wang, Wang and Fei.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Details of blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) model. (A) The distance and relative position between exploder and experimental animals were precisely controlled to ensure the miniature spherical explosives were placed 2.0-mm over the right frontal parietal lobe of the rats (3 mm right to the center point between bregma and lambdoid suture). (B) The knob on the apparatus could precisely adjust the position of miniature spherical explosives. (C) The standard of 2.5-mm diameter miniature spherical explosive with the explosive equivalent 15.6 mg TNT (above), and 3.0-mm diameter spherical exploder with the explosive equivalent 27.0 mg TNT (below). (D) The specially designed apparatus were able to create eight bTBI rats at one time by a single electric detonator. The electric detonator was fixed inside the metal sleeve to isolate the broken pieces (E). The detonator and a silver fuse ignited the miniature spherical explosive, which generated the blast wave. By turning the knob on the top of each miniature spherical explosive holder and moving the sponge board around, the damage position and relative distance between exploders and rats could be precisely and independently adjusted.