Table A1.

Materials used in the nonspeech conditions

Vowels	Oral Movements	Respiration Sequences
/i/ as in feet	Stick tongue out straight	Regular breathing
/I/ as in it	Puff out your cheeks	Long inhale, short exhale
/ɛ/ as in bed	Bite your lower lip	Short inhale, long exhale
/æ/ as in apple	Smile/Show your teeth	Breath hold for a second, then release
/ʌ/ as in up	Lick your lips	Alternate inhale/exhale quickly
/u/ as in too	Pucker your lips	Inhale short, short, exhale long
/ʊ/ as in book	Stick tongue out, then move up then down (touch chin/nose)	Inhale long, exhale short, short
/o/ as in go	Push inside of cheek with tongue (left then right)	Exaggerated slow breathing
/ɔ/ as in dog	Press lips tightly together	Inhale and exhale quickly, then long inhale/exhale
/e/ as in eight	Pucker then smile	Inhale and exhale long, then inhale and exhale quickly