Table 2.
Molecules involved in Memory consolidation | Hippocampus | Amygdala | Frontal Cortex | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Con | Ex | SD | SD + Ex | Con | Ex | SD | SD + Ex | Con | Ex | SD | SD + Ex | |
BDNF/β-actin | 1.25+0.03 | 1.37±0.01 | 0.55±0.04* | 1.07+0.01# | 1.31±0.02 | 1.40±0.04 | 0.91±0.02 | 1.10±0.07 | 1.28±0.01 | 1.31±0.02 | 1.22±0.02 | 0.97±0.07 |
p-CREB/t-CREB | 0.48±0.05 | 0.43±0.03 | 0.22±0.01* | 0.38±0.03# | 0.21±0.03 | 0.33±0.01 | 0.16±0.01 | 0.14±0.02 | 0.34±0.03 | 0.40±0.05 | 0.31±.05 | 0.30±.01 |
CAMKIV/β-actin | 0.55±0.02 | 0.53±0.02 | 0.20±0.03* | 0.41±0.02# | 0.42±0.02 | 0.43±0.04* | 0.36±0.07 | 0.34±0.02 | 0.51±0.06 | 0.60±0.04 | 0.53±.03 | 0.50±.02 |
Inflammatory Markers | ||||||||||||
p-ERK[1/2)/t-ERK(1/2) | 0.23+0.04 | 0.20±0.03 | 0.57±0.04* | 0.38±0.01# | 0.20±0.02 | 0.22+0.03 | 0.60±0.03* | 0.41±0.01# | 0.33±0.02 | 0.30±0.03 | 0.37±0.02 | 0.4±0.01 |
IL-6/β-actin | 0.44+0.01 | 0.42±0.02 | 0.80±0.01* | 0.58±0.04# | 0.50±0.01 | 0.42±0.02 | 0.60±0.01 | 0.58±0.04 | 0.54±0.02 | 0.42±0.02 | 0.90±0.03* | 0.68±0.03# |
Protein levels of BDNF/β-Actin, p-CREB/t-CREB, CAMKIV/β-Actin, p-ERK1/2/t-ERK1/2 and IL-6/β-Actin were determined by Western blotting in the hippocampus, amygdala and the frontal cortex. Protein ratios were obtained by normalizing to loading control/total protein as indicated. Group 1: control (sedentary, CON), group 2: exercised (EX), group 3: social defeat (SD); group 4: social defeat and exercise (SD+EX).
significantly different from control (sedentary and exercise alone) rats (p<0.05),
significantly different from SD rats (p<0.05) using one way ANOVA analysis, n = 4–6 rats/group.