Table 2. Plasma lipids and inflammatory biomarkers at baseline and after 6 months of therapy with either hypoglycemic agents (OHA) and with combination glargine-apidra insulin therapy (IT).
| Parameters | OHA (n=9) | p@ | IT (n=12) | p@ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plasma Lipids | Before | After | Before | After | ||
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 184.3±13.7 | 182.7±8.5 | 0.88 | 181.4±13.0 | 165.2±11.4 | 0.06 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 103.3±6.6 | 109±7.1 | 0.60 | 114.1±13.6 | 106.1±8.5 | 0.08 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 39.4±5.3 | 43.6±5.0 | 0.04 | 36.3±2.1 | 40.0±3.4 | 0.24 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 225.5±103.6 | 167.8±36.4 | 0.48 | 188.2±40.7 | 171.6±35.7 | 0.56 |
| Particle Size | ||||||
| VLDL (nm) | 59.4±2.5 | 55.7±1.7 | 0.03 | 56.1±2.8 | 53.8±1.7 | 0.56 |
| HDL (nm) | 8.7±0.2 | 8.6±0.2 | 0.1 | 8.5±0.1 | 8.7±0.2 | 0.14 |
| LDL (nm) | 20.7±0.3 | 20.9±0.3 | 0.37 | 20.3±0.3 | 20.39±0.3 | 0.65 |
| Inflammatory Markers | ||||||
| hs-CRP (μg/ml) | 4.3±0.9 | 3.4±1.0 | 0.47 | 4.1±1.2 | 4.9±1.5 | 0.73 |
| Adiponectin (μg/ml)* | 6.6±1.2 | 15.3±1.9 | 0.002 | 6.4±1.0 | 9.9±1.1 | 0.004 |
| Leptin ( ηg/ml )* | 11.5±2.2 | 21.6±7.0 | 0.06 | 21.2±5.8 | 29.7±7.8 | 0.01 |
| ICAM ( ηg/ml ) | 225.0±16.1 | 225.5±26.4 | 0.97 | 229.6±16.8 | 231.9±22.1 | 0.87 |
| VCAM ( ηg/ml ) | 431.8±36.9 | 412.5±33.9 | 0.65 | 453.5±25.8 | 484.3±35.9 | 0.45 |
| IL-6 (pg/L) | 2.6±0.3 | 2.3±0.4 | 0.43 | 2.9±0.3 | 3.0±0.4 | 0.86 |
| TNF-α (pg/ml) | 1.4±0.2 | 1.2±0.1 | 0.05 | 1.5±0.4 | 1.5±0.3 | 0.83 |
@
= Before vs. After and
*
= p <0.01 OHA vs. IT (see text for details); hs-CRP = high sensitivity C-reactive protein; ICAM and VCAM = intra-cellular and vascular adhesion molecules; IL-6 = interleukin-6; TNF- α = tumor necrosis factor alpha.