Table 6. Crude and adjusted Odds ratios by bivariate and exact logistic regression for any HPV positivity by demographic, behavioral, and sexual risk factors of MSM in Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| Characteristics | No. cases | Bivariate analysis | Exact logistic regression analysis a | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. HPV+ (%) | OR | 95% CI | p-value | AOR b | 95% CI | p-value | ||
| Gender identity | ||||||||
| Bisexual men | 29 | 14 (48) | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Gay men | 85 | 76 (89) | 9.0 | 3.0–28.0 | 0.000 | 5.3 | 1.2–25.7 | 0.027 |
| Transgender women | 83 | 67 (81) | 4.5 | 1.6–12.3 | 0.001 | 4.0 | 1.0–16.8 | 0.055 |
| HIV status | ||||||||
| Negative | 120 | 84 (70) | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Positive | 48 | 48 (100) | 41.9 | 2.5–698.0 | 0.001 | 20.3 | 3.3 - +inf. | 0.0002 |
| Unknown | 29 | 25 (86) | 2.7 | 0.8–11.3 | 0.078 | 3.3 | 0.9–16.9 | 0.080 |
| Age in years | ||||||||
| < 20 | 27 | 22 (82) | Ref. | |||||
| 20–29 | 108 | 84 (78) | 0.8 | 0.2–2.5 | 0.675 | |||
| 30–39 | 47 | 37 (79) | 0.8 | 0.2–3.2 | 0.776 | |||
| 40 or more | 15 | 14 (93) | 3.2 | 0.3–161.0 | 0.293 | |||
| Sexual role | ||||||||
| Insertive only & both | 78 | 58 (74) | Ref. | |||||
| Receptive only | 119 | 99 (83) | 1.7 | 0.8–3.6 | 0.132 | |||
| Ever used hormones | ||||||||
| Never | 98 | 76 (78) | Ref. | |||||
| Ever | 99 | 81 (82) | 1.3 | 0.6–2.8 | 0.457 | |||
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||||
| Never | 18 | 15 (83) | Ref. | |||||
| Ever | 179 | 142 (79) | 0.8 | 0.1–2.9 | 0.687 | |||
| Frequency of sexual intercourse with BM, GM or TGM | ||||||||
| 1–2 times/week or less | 140 | 111 (79) | Ref. | |||||
| 3–4 times/week or more | 57 | 46 (81) | 1.1 | 0.5–2.6 | 0.823 | |||
| Drank alcohol before having sex with BM, GM or TGW | ||||||||
| Never / sometime | 162 | 135 (83) | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Almost every time / Every time | 35 | 22 (63) | 0.3 | 0.1–0.8 | 0.006 | 0.4 | 0.1–1.3 | 0.127 |
| BM, GM or TGW partner drank alcohol before having sex with you | ||||||||
| Never / sometime | 164 | 134 (82) | Ref. | |||||
| Almost every time/ Every time | 33 | 23 (70) | 0.5 | 0.2–1.4 | 0.118 | |||
| Ever received money, gifts or valuables in exchange for sex | ||||||||
| Never | 141 | 114 (81) | Ref. | |||||
| Ever | 56 | 43 (77) | 0.8 | 0.4–1.8 | 0.522 | |||
| Ever had any fluid, irritating urinary symptom, ulcer, or rash on your penis | ||||||||
| No | 169 | 135 (80) | Ref. | |||||
| Yes | 28 | 22 (79) | 0.9 | 0.3–3.0 | 0.873 | |||
| Total sex partner(s) last 6 months | ||||||||
| 0–1 | 49 | 35 (71) | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| 2 or more | 141 | 117 (83) | 2.0 | 0.8–4.4 | 0.082 | 2.2 | 0.8–6.0 | 0.157 |
| Number of female sex partner(s) last 6 months | ||||||||
| 0–1 | 172 | 143 (83) | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| 2 or more | 16 | 7 (44) | 0.2 | 0–0.5 | 0.000 | 0.3 | 0.0–2.4 | 0.368 |
| Use condom all the time last 6 months with sex partner(s) | ||||||||
| No sex partner / No anal sex | 10 | 7 (70) | Ref. | |||||
| Yes | 73 | 60 (82) | 2.0 | 0.3–10.1 | 0.359 | |||
| No | 107 | 85 (79) | 1.7 | 0.2–8.0 | 0.486 | |||
| Use condom all the time last 6 months with regular sex partner(s) | ||||||||
| No sex partner / No anal sex | 74 | 56 (76) | Ref. | |||||
| Yes | 46 | 38 (83) | 1.5 | 0.6–4.5 | 0.370 | |||
| No | 73 | 59 (81) | 1.4 | 0.6–3.2 | 0.450 | |||
| Use condom all the time last 6 months with casual sex partner(s) | ||||||||
| No sex partner / No anal sex | 47 | 36 (77) | Ref. | |||||
| Yes | 75 | 61 (81) | 1.3 | 0.5–3.5 | 0.528 | |||
| No | 72 | 59 (82) | 1.4 | 0.5–3.8 | 0.477 | |||
a Exact logistic regression used for these estimates due to zero cell counts
b AOR = adjusted odd ratio. All measures adjusted for drinking alcohol before having sex, number of total sex partner(s) in last 6 months and number of female sex partner(s) in last 6 months
OR = crude odds ratio
Inf. = infinity
Ref. = Reference value.