Table 7. Crude and adjusted odds ratios by bivariate and logistic regression, for high-risk-type HPV positivity, by demographic, behavioral, and sexual risk factors of MSM in Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| Characteristics | No. cases | Bivariate analysis | Logistic regression analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. high risk HPV (%) | OR | 95% CI | p-value | AOR a | 95% CI | p-value | ||
| Gender identity | ||||||||
| Bisexual men | 29 | 10 (35) | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Gay men | 85 | 63 (74) | 5.4 | 2.0–15.0 | 0.000 | 4.2 | 1.2–14.6 | 0.021 |
| Transgender women | 83 | 59 (71) | 4.7 | 1.7–12.8 | 0.000 | 6.2 | 1.8–20.9 | 0.003 |
| HIV status | ||||||||
| Negative | 120 | 65 (54) | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Positive | 48 | 45 (94) | 12.7 | 3.7–66.5 | 0.000 | 12.8 | 3.6–45.8 | 0.000 |
| Unknown | 29 | 22 (76) | 2.7 | 1.0–7.9 | 0.033 | 3.1 | 1.1–8.6 | 0.033 |
| Age in years | ||||||||
| < 20 | 27 | 20 (74) | Ref. | |||||
| 20–29 | 108 | 67 (62) | 0.6 | 0.2–1.6 | 0.243 | |||
| 30–39 | 47 | 32 (68) | 0.8 | 0.2–2.4 | 0.587 | |||
| 40 or more | 15 | 13 (87) | 2.3 | 0.4–25.3 | 0.341 | |||
| Sexual role | ||||||||
| Insertive only & both | 78 | 47 (60) | Ref. | |||||
| Receptive only | 119 | 85 (71) | 1.6 | 0.9–3.2 | 0.103 | |||
| Ever used hormones | ||||||||
| Never | 98 | 61 (62) | Ref. | |||||
| Ever | 99 | 71 (72) | 1.5 | 0.8–2.9 | 0.157 | |||
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||||
| Never | 18 | 14 (78) | Ref. | |||||
| Ever | 179 | 118 (66) | 0.6 | 0.1–1.9 | 0.308 | |||
| Frequency of sexual intercourse with BM, GM or TGM | ||||||||
| 1–2 times/week or less | 140 | 96 (69) | Ref. | |||||
| 3–4 times/week or more | 57 | 36 (63) | 0.8 | 0.4–1.6 | 0.464 | |||
| Drank alcohol before having sex with BM, GM or TGW | ||||||||
| Never / sometime | 162 | 113 (70) | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Almost every time / Every time | 35 | 19 (54) | 0.5 | 0.2–1.2 | 0.078 | 0.6 | 0.2–1.4 | 0.223 |
| Your BM, GM or TGW partner drank alcohol before having sex with you | ||||||||
| Never / sometime | 164 | 111 (68) | Ref. | |||||
| Almost every time / Every time | 33 | 21 (64) | 0.8 | 0.4–2.0 | 0.652 | |||
| Ever received money, gifts or valuables in exchange for sex | ||||||||
| Never | 141 | 99 (70) | Ref. | |||||
| Ever | 56 | 33 (59) | 0.6 | 0.3–1.2 | 0.129 | |||
| Ever had any fluid, irritating urinary symptom, ulcer, or rash on your penis | ||||||||
| No | 169 | 111 (66) | Ref. | |||||
| Yes | 28 | 21 (75) | 1.6 | 0.6–4.6 | 0.331 | |||
| Total sex partner(s) last 6 months | ||||||||
| 0–1 | 49 | 30 (61) | Ref. | |||||
| 2 or more | 141 | 97 (69) | 1.4 | 0.7–2.9 | 0.332 | |||
| Number of female sex partner(s) last 6 months | ||||||||
| 0–1 | 172 | 120 (70) | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| 2 or more | 16 | 6 (38) | 0.3 | 0.1–0.8 | 0.009 | 0.8 | 0.2–3.7 | 0.798 |
| Use condom all the time last 6 months with sex partner(s) | ||||||||
| No sex partner / No anal sex | 10 | 6 (60) | Ref. | |||||
| Yes | 73 | 52 (71) | 1.6 | 0.3–7.8 | 0.468 | |||
| No | 107 | 69 (65) | 1.2 | 0.2–5.5 | 0.777 | |||
| Use condom all the time last 6 months with regular sex partner(s) | ||||||||
| No sex partner / No anal sex | 74 | 52 (70) | Ref. | |||||
| Yes | 46 | 30 (65) | 0.8 | 0.3–1.9 | 0.563 | |||
| No | 73 | 46 (63) | 0.7 | 0.3–1.5 | 0.351 | |||
| Use condom all the time last 6 months with casual sex partner(s) | ||||||||
| No sex partner / No anal sex | 47 | 29 (62) | Ref. | |||||
| Yes | 75 | 55 (73) | 1.7 | 0.7–4.0 | 0.177 | |||
| No | 72 | 47 (65) | 1.2 | 0.5–2.7 | 0.691 | |||
a AOR = adjusted odd ratio. All measures adjusted for drinking alcohol before having sex and number of female sex partner(s) in last 6 months
OR = crude odds ratio
Ref. = Reference value.