Table 4. Victimisation characteristics of different demographic groups among 1,606 high school students in Vietnam.
| Variable | Total sample | Non-victim | Victim of 1–10 types | Poly-victim (>10 types) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (Mean ± SD) a | 16.4±1.0 | 16.2±0.9 | 16.4±1.0 | 16.5±0.9 | 0.1 |
| Gender (n, %) b | 0.008 | ||||
| Female | 653 (100) | 24 (3.7) | 413 (63.2) | 216 (33.1) | |
| Male | 755 (100) | 55 (7.3) | 478 (63.3) | 222 (29.4) | |
| Religion (n(%)) b | 0.07 | ||||
| No religion | 931 (100) | 56 (6.0) | 596 (64.0) | 279 (30.0) | |
| Buddhism | 266 (100) | 16 (6.0) | 154 (57.9) | 96 (36.1) | |
| Christianity or others | 18 (100) | 0 | 8 (44.4) | 10 (55.6) | |
| Don’t know | 142 (100) | 4 (2.8) | 97 (68.3) | 41 (28.9) | |
| Number of adverse life events experienced (Mean ± SD) a | 4.1 ±2.3 | 1.7 ± 1.6 | 3.7 ± 1.9 | 5.6 ± 2.4 | <0.001 |
| Experiences a chronic diseases or disability (n(%)) b | <0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 161 (100) | 1 (0.6) | 89 (55.3) | 71 (44.1) | |
| No | 1174 (100) | 74 (6.3) | 760 (64.7) | 340 (29.0) | |
| Socioeconomic status (n(%)) b | 0.4 | ||||
| Lowest 25% | 329 (100) | 27 (7.3) | 211 (64.1) | 94 (28.6) | |
| 26–50% | 327 (100) | 22 (6.7) | 196 (59.9) | 109 (33.3) | |
| 51–75% | 311 (100) | 13 (4.2) | 205 (65.9) | 93 (29.9) | |
| Highest 25% | 372 (100) | 18 (4.8) | 232 (62.4) | 122 (32.8) | |
| Family circumstances (n(%)) b | <0.001 | ||||
| Both parents | 1241 (100) | 75 (6.0) | 805 (64.9) | 361 (29.1) | |
| Only one parent | 108 (100) | 3 (2.8) | 57 (52.8) | 48 (44.4) | |
| One parent and a stepparent | 30 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (26.7) | 22 (73.3) | |
| None of parents | 25 (100) | 1 (4.0) | 16 (64.0) | 8 (32.0) | |
| Mother’s highest educational attainment (n(%)) b | <0.001 | ||||
| Up to secondary school (grade 9) | 359 (100) | 10 (2.8) | 208 (57.9) | 141 (39.3) | |
| Completion of high school (grade 12) | 630 (100) | 36 (5.7) | 406 (64.4) | 188 (29.8) | |
| Don’t know | 390 (100) | 31 (8.0) | 255 (63.4) | 104 (26.7) | |
| Father’s highest educational attainment (n(%)) b | <0.001 | ||||
| Up to secondary school (grade 9) | 374 (100) | 16 (4.3) | 211 (56.4) | 147 (39.3) | |
| Completion of high school (grade 12) | 627 (100) | 33 (5.3) | 412 (65.7) | 182 (29.0) | |
| Don’t know | 378 (100) | 30 (7.9) | 249 (65.9) | 99 (26.2) | |
| Parental alcohol abuse | 0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 262 (100) | 7 (2.7) | 150 (57.2) | 105 (40.1) | |
| No | 1140 (100) | 70 (6.1) | 740 (64.9) | 330 (28.9) | |
| Parental drug abuse | 0.3 | ||||
| Yes | 18 (100) | 0 (0) | 10 (55.6) | 8 (44.4) | |
| No | 1378 (100) | 77 (5.6) | 876 (63.6) | 425 (30.8) | |
| Number of siblings (Mean ± SD) a | 1.6±1.3 | 1.2±0.8 | 1.6±1.2 | 1.7±1.6 | 0.005 |
| Perception of family happiness (n(%)) b | <0.001 | ||||
| Happy/ Very happy | 1233 (100) | 73 (5.9) | 823 (66.8) | 337 (27.3) | |
| Unhappy/ Very unhappy | 149 (100) | 2 (1.3) | 54 (36.2) | 93 (62.4) | |
| Perception of academic pressure (n(%)) b | <0.001 | ||||
| A lot | 124 (100) | 3 (2.4) | 79 (63.7) | 42 (33.9) | |
| Moderate | 445 (100) | 13 (2.9) | 254 (57.1) | 178 (40.0) | |
| A little | 781 (100) | 57 (7.3) | 524 (67.1) | 200 (25.6) | |
| None | 61 (100) | 5 (8.2) | 37 (60.7) | 19 (31.2) | |
| Academic satisfaction (n(%)) b | <0.001 | ||||
| Satisfied/ very satisfied | 546 (100) | 44 (8.1) | 357 (65.4) | 145 (26.6) | |
| Dissatisfied/ very dissatisfied | 862 (100) | 33 (3.8) | 535 (62.1) | 294 (34.1) | |
| Being punished at school (n(%)) b | <0.001 | ||||
| Frequent | 67 (100) | 5 (7.5) | 27 (40.3) | 35 (52.2) | |
| Sometimes | 556 (100) | 20 (3.6) | 326 (58.6) | 210 (37.8) | |
| Rarely | 666 (100) | 35 (5.3) | 450 (67.6) | 181 (27.2) | |
| Never | 121 (100) | 18 (14.9) | 90 (74.4) | 13 (10.7) | |
| School type (n(%)) b | <0.001 | ||||
| Public | 612 (100) | 15 (2.5) | 389 (63.6) | 208 (34.0) | |
| Private | 541 (100) | 34 (6.3) | 333 (61.6) | 174 (32.2) | |
| Centre for continuing education | 260 (100) | 30 (11.5) | 172 (66.2) | 58 (22.3) | |
| Residence (n(%)) b | 0.02 | ||||
| Urban | 725 (100) | 46 (6.3) | 477 (65.8) | 202 (27.9) | |
| Rural | 688 (100) | 33 (4.8) | 417 (60.6) | 238 (34.6) |
a p-value for one-way ANOVA test
b p-value for chi-square test