Table 1. Multivariate Analysis for Predictors of RW-ROP.
| Predictors | No. of Infants at Risk | RW-ROP, No. (%) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 523 | 92 (17.6) | 1.80 (1.13-2.86) | .01 |
| Female | 456 | 57 (12.5) | 1 [Reference] | |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Black | 296 | 33 (11.2) | 1 [Reference] | <.001 |
| White | 552 | 88 (15.9) | 2.76 (1.50-5.08) | |
| Othera | 131 | 28 (21.4) | 4.81 (2.19-10.6) | |
| Birth weight, g | ||||
| ≤500 | 34 | 15 (44.1) | 5.16 (1.12-7.20) | .049 |
| 501-750 | 293 | 80 (27.3) | 2.00 (0.55-7.20) | |
| 751-900 | 225 | 29 (12.9) | 1.11 (0.31-4.03) | |
| 901-1000 | 151 | 15 (9.93) | 1.78 (0.48-6.55) | |
| 1001-1100 | 134 | 6 (4.48) | 1.34 (0.33-5.50) | |
| >1100 | 142 | 4 (2.82) | 1 [Reference] | |
| Gestational age, wk | ||||
| ≤24 | 175 | 67 (38.3) | 9.79 (3.49-27.5) | <.001 |
| 25 | 150 | 32 (21.3) | 4.65 (1.68-12.8) | |
| 26 | 185 | 29 (15.7) | 3.68 (1.39-9.78) | |
| 27 | 171 | 13 (7.60) | 2.82 (1.04-7.67) | |
| ≥28 | 298 | 8 (2.68) | 1 [Reference] | |
| No. of quadrants with preplus disease at first examination | ||||
| 0 | 931 | 117 (12.6) | 1 [Reference] | <.001 |
| 1-2 | 28 | 16 (57.1) | 7.12 (2.53-20.1) | |
| 3-4 | 20 | 16 (80.0) | 18.4 (4.28-79.4) | |
| Stage of ROP at first study-related eye examination | ||||
| No ROP | 548 | 46 (8.39) | 1 [Reference] | <.001 |
| Stage 1 | 243 | 42 (17.3) | 1.69 (0.92-3.10) | |
| Stage 2 | 184 | 60 (32.6) | 4.13 (2.13-8.00) | |
| Unknown | 4 | 1 (25.0) | 1.00 (0.09-11.2) | |
| Retinal hemorrhage at first study-related eye examination | ||||
| No | 943 | 135 (14.3) | 1 [Reference] | .005 |
| Yes | 36 | 14 (38.9) | 4.36 (1.57-12.1) | |
| Respiratory status at first study-related eye examination | ||||
| No respiratory support | 226 | 8 (3.54) | 1 [Reference] | <.001 |
| Nasal cannula (≤2 L) | 297 | 31 (10.4) | 1.34 (0.53-3.38) | |
| CPAP/NIPPV/HFNC >2 L | 307 | 53 (17.3) | 1.43 (0.57-3.59) | |
| Controlled mechanical ventilator | 126 | 46 (36.5) | 4.99 (1.89-13.2) | |
| High-frequency oscillatory ventilation | 13 | 7 (53.9) | 11.0 (2.26-53.8) | |
| Other | 9 | 4 (44.4) | 2.33 (0.36-14.9) | |
| Weight change from birth to first study-related eye examination, g/d | ||||
| >18 | 245 | 30 (12.2) | 1 [Reference] | .001 |
| >15-≤18 | 239 | 29 (12.1) | 0.60 (0.30-1.23) | |
| >12-≤15 | 266 | 41 (15.4) | 1.16 (0.59-2.27) | |
| ≤12 | 228 | 49 (21.5) | 2.44 (1.22-4.89) |
Abbreviations: CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; HFNC, high-flow nasal cannula; NIPPV, nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation; OR, odds ratio; ROP, retinopathy of prematurity; RW, referral warranted.
a
Included those with other race/ethnicity or those without race/ethnicity information.