TABLE I.

Middle-ear model parameters. A blank entry for the unit of any parameter indicates a dimensionless value. A value in column named CODE is blank when estimated from published experimental values, $M$ when estimated in the morphometric optimization to determine the MACS geometry, $H$ for a high-loss condition, and $L$ for a low-loss condition. Sources of parameters include: tympanic cleft parameters (Singh, 2007) adjusted to the geometry of connected rectangular-side cavities, and thermodynamic air constants evaluated at a body temperature of 37 °C (Benade, 1968). The nominal value of S_e, which corresponds to the area of a circle with a 8-mm diameter, is between the average ear-canal area (0.442 × 10⁻⁴ m²) reported by Stinson and Daigle (2005) and the area (0.60 × 10⁻⁴ m²) used by Kringlebotn (1988).

Section	Code	Parameter	Value	Units (SI)
Ear canal		$S_e$	0.503 × 10−4	m2
Tympanic cleft		$L_{\text{itc}}$	1.2 × 10−2	m
		$S_{\text{itc}}$	0.525 × 10−4	m2
		$L_{\text{stc}}$	0.3 × 10−2	m
		$S_{\text{stc}}$	0.525 × 10−4	m2
		$L_{\text{ad}}$	0.1 × 10−2	m
		$S_{\text{ad}}$	0.0625 × 10−4	m2
		$L_{\text{an}}$	1 × 10−2	m
		$S_{\text{an}}$	0.55 × 10−4	m2
MACS	M	$N$	11
	M	$\sigma$	2.663
	M	$d$	9.171
	M	$\alpha$	1.709
	H	${\xi }_V$	19.8
	H	${\xi }_T$	8.79
	L	${\xi }_V$	2.88
	L	${\xi }_T$	1.78
Air constants		$\rho$	1.1369	kg m−3
		$B_a$	1.4173 × 105	kg m−1 s−2
		$\mathrm{\eta \backslash neth}$	1.8928 × 10−5	kg m−1 s−1
		$\gamma$	1.4014
		$\nu$	0.8393