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. 2015 Jan 6;6(1):4. doi: 10.1186/scrt538

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© Ikhapoh et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2015

This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Synergistic effect of angiotensin II and low-dose VEGF-A to promote mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into endothelial cells. Co-culture of naïve bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A; 2 ng/ml) and angiotensin II (Ang II; 2 ng/ml) resulted in significantly increased expression of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), von Willebrand factor (vWF), and vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) (A). Increasing the dose of Ang II in combination with the low dose of VEGF-A did not result in further increase in EC marker expression (B, C, D). Note that human umbilical vein endothelial cells were excluded from the statistical analyses. *P <0.05 vs. naïve MSCs. ^# P <0.05 vs. VEGF-A (2 ng/ml)-treated MSCs, n = 3.