Table 3.
Review of movement time and velocity peak in SCI and control participants
| Authors | Tasks | Distance (cm) | PV (m/s) | MT (s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SCI | Control | SCI/control (%) | SCI | Control | SCI/control (%) | |||
| Hoffmann et al. | R | Arm length | 0.87 ± 0.04 | 1.00 ± 0.04 | 13.00 | NA | NA | NA |
| Koshland et al. | R | 20 | 0.60a | 1.30 | 53.85 | NA | NA | NA |
| Laffont et al. | R | Low | 0.83 ± 0.25 | 1.08 ± 0.31 | 23.15 | NA | NA | NA |
| High | 1.10 ± 0.31 | 1.47 ± 0.25 | 25.17 | |||||
| Mateo et al. | R | 28b | 0.66 ± 0.17 | 0.94 ± 0.22 | 29.79 | 0.66 ± 0.20 | 0.44 ± 0.14 | 50.00 |
| 0.78 ± 0.19 | 1.15 ± 0.25 | 32.17 | 0.67 ± 0.24 | 0.47 ± 0.14 | 42.55 | |||
| Popovic et Popovic | R | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Reft et Hasan | R | Far no support | 0.35 ± 0.07 | 0.50 ± 0.09 | 30.10 | NA | NA | NA |
| Far support | 0.32 ± 0.04 | 0.48 ± 0.07 | 33.19 | |||||
| Robinson, Barton et al. | R | Arm length | NAc | NAc | NA | NAc | NAc | NA |
| Robinson, Hayes et al. | R | 20 | 0.59 | 0.92 | 35.87 | 0.67 | 0.49 | 36.73 |
| Cacho et al. | G | Arm length | 0.79 ± 0.14 | 0.88 ± 0.14 | 10.23 | 1.53 ± 0.08 | 0.92 ± 0.16 | 66.3 |
| Hoffmann et al. | G | Arm length | 1.07 ± 0.05 | 1.22 ± 0.06 | 12.3 | NAd | NAd | NA |
| Jacquier-Bret et al. | G | 40 | 0.7e | 0.9e | 22.22 | NAc | NAc | NA |
| Laffont et al. | G | Short | 0.92 ± 0.25 | 1.08 ± 0.31 | 14.81 | 3.12 ± 0.85 | 1.81 ± 0.45 | 72.38 |
| Long | 1.04 ± 0.28 | 1.19 ± 0.31 | 12.61 | 3.30 ± 1.08 | 1.82 ± 0.25 | 81.32 | ||
| Mateo et al. | G | 35 | 0.71 ± 0.13 | 0.80 ± 0.08 | 11.25 | 1.90 ± 0.60 | 0.77 ± 0.09 | 146.75 |
| 0.67 ± 0.09 | 0.69 ± 0.08 | 2.90 | 1.64 ± 0.13 | 0.75 ± 0.12 | 118.67 | |||
| Reyes-Guzman et al. | G | 18 | 0.56 ± 0.26f | 0.66 ± 0.09 | 15.15 | 2.57 ± 0.98f | 1.04 ± 0.33 | 147.12 |
| 0.67 ± 0.53g | -1.52 | 1.66 ± 1.07g | 59.62 | |||||
| Acosta et al. | O | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Gronley et al. | O | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Maksimovic et al. | O | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0.65 ± 0.17 | 0.45 | 44.44 |
| Nunome et al. | O | 2.16 | 4.26 ± 0.67h | 5.45 ± 0.25h | 21.83 | NA | NA | NA |
| Remy-Neris et al. | O | NA | 62 ± 22i | 201 ± 41i | 69.15 | NA | NA | NA |
| 109 ± 39ii | 241 ± 29ii | 54.77 | ||||||
| Wierzbicka et al. | E | NA | NA | NA | 50 | twice control | NA | 200 |
aFor n = 4 SCI, only one exhibit 1.1 m/s velocity; bTargets were placed centrally or laterally on the right; cNon significant differences were reported without data available.
dIncrease time between end of reaching and grasping in SCI participants; eValue rounded extracted from figure; fValue for C6 SCI participants; gValue for C7 SCI participants; hVertical component of basketball after shooting; iMaximal shoulder flexion and iimaximal elbow flexion both expressed in degree per seconds in italics.
Abbreviations: NA Not Available, P Pointing, G Grasping, O Overhead, E Elbow flexion.
MT Movement Time, PV Velocity Peak; cm centimeter, m/s meter per seconds, s seconds.